The 3-Year Brain Delay That Explains Everything About ADHD (And Why Traditional Parenting Fails) episode artwork

EPISODE · Sep 14, 2025 · 30 MIN

The 3-Year Brain Delay That Explains Everything About ADHD (And Why Traditional Parenting Fails)

from Strides To Solutions · host Esther Nava

Revolutionary neuroimaging reveals ADHD brains develop 3 years behind schedule in crucial areas, explaining why typical behavioral expectations are setting kids up for failure.ReferencesAl-Kafaji, G., Jahrami, H., Alwehaidah, M., Alshammari, Y., & Husni, M. (2023). Mitochondrial DNA copy number in autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1196035Almutairi, M., Althekair, A., Almutairi, F., Alatabani, M., & Alsaikhan, A. (2024). Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy in ADHD: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102212Baird, A., Coogan, A., Siddiqui, A., Donev, R., & Thome, J. (2012). Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with alterations in circadian rhythms at the behavioural, endocrine and molecular levels. Molecular Psychiatry, 17, 988-995. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2011.149Bashash, M., Marchand, M., Hu, H., Till, C., Martinez-Mier, E., Sánchez, B., Basu, N., Peterson, K., Green, R., Schnaas, L., Mercado-García, A., Hernández-Ávila, M., & Téllez-Rojo, M. (2018). Prenatal fluoride exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children at 6-12 years of age in Mexico City. Environment International, 121(Pt 1), 658-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.017Bian, J., Liu, X., & Wang, C. (2025). Executive function and brain region development in ADHD: Mechanisms and interventions in the prefrontal cortex and related circuits. Advances in Precision Medicine, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.18063/apm.v10i1.681Bijlenga, D., Vollebregt, M., Kooij, J., & Arns, M. (2019). The role of the circadian system in the etiology and pathophysiology of ADHD: Time to redefine ADHD? ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 11, 5-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-018-0271-zBondopadhyay, U., Díaz-Orueta, U., & Coogan, A. (2021). A systematic review of sleep and circadian rhythms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Attention Disorders, 26, 149-224. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054720978556Boonchooduang, N., Louthrenoo, O., Likhitweerawong, N., Kunasol, C., Thonusin, C., Sriwichaiin, S., Nawara, W., Chattipakorn, N., & Chattipakorn, S. (2025). Impact of psychostimulants on microbiota and short-chain fatty acids alterations in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Scientific Reports, 15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87546-yBozhilova, N., Michelini, G., Kuntsi, J., & Asherson, P. (2018). Mind wandering perspective on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 92, 464-476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.07.010Braun, J., Kahn, R., Froehlich, T., Auinger, P., & Lanphear, B. (2006). Exposures to environmental toxicants and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in U.S. children. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114, 1904-1909. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9478Brown, L., Tallon, M., Bellgrove, M., Rudaizky, D., Kendall, G., Boyes, M., & Myers, B. (2025). Increasing health literacy on ADHD: A cross-disciplinary integrative review examining the impact of ADHD on brain maturation, composition and function and cognitive processes across the life course. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-025-01815-5Caputi, V., Hill, L., Figueiredo, M., Popov, J., Hartung, E., Margolis, K., Baskaran, K., Joharapurkar, P., Moshkovich, M., & Pai, N. (2024). Functional contribution of the intestinal microbiome in autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Rett syndrome: A systematic review of pediatric and adult studies. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1341656Chang, Y., Chen, W., Su, S., Jung, C., & Hwang, B. (2022). PM2.5 exposure and incident attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during the prenatal and postnatal periods: A birth cohort study. Environmental Research, 113769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113769Chowdhury, T., Luy, D., Scapellato, G., Farache, D., Lee, A., & Quinn, C. (2023). Autism candidate gene rbm-26 (RBM26/27) regulates MALS-1 to protect against mitochondrial dysfunction and axon degeneration during neurodevelopment. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.12.562060Collignon, A., Dion-Albert, L., Ménard, C., & Coelho-Santos, V. (2024). Sex, hormones and cerebrovascular function: From development to disorder. Fluids and Barriers of the CNS, 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12987-023-00496-3Coogan, A., & McGowan, N. (2017). A systematic review of circadian function, chronotype and chronotherapy in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 9, 129-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-016-0214-5Dimitrov, L., Kaminski, J., Holbrook, J., Bitsko, R., Yeh, M., Courtney, J., O'Masta, B., Maher, B., Cerles, A., McGowan, K., & Rush, M. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of chemical exposures and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. Prevention Science, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-023-01601-6Duffy, K., Rosch, K., Nebel, M., Seymour, K., Lindquist, M., Pekar, J., Mostofsky, S., & Cohen, J. (2021). Increased integration between default mode and task-relevant networks in children with ADHD is associated with impaired response control. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100980Endres, D., Van Elst, T., Maier, S., Feige, B., Goll, P., Meyer, S., Matthies, S., Domschke, K., Lange, T., Sobanski, E., Philipsen, A., Nickel, K., & Perlov, E. (2019). Neurochemical sex differences in adult ADHD patients: An MRS study. Biology of Sex Differences, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-019-0264-4Gao, Y., Shuai, D., Bu, X., Hu, X., Tang, S., Zhang, L., Li, H., Hu, X., Lu, L., Gong, Q., & Huang, X. (2019). Impairments of large-scale functional networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity. Psychological Medicine, 49, 2475-2485. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171900237XGiannoulis, S., Müller, D., Kennedy, J., & Gonçalves, V. (2022). Systematic review of mitochondrial genetic variation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-022-02030-6Gkougka, D., Mitropoulos, K., Tzanakaki, G., Panagouli, E., Psaltopoulou, T., Thomaidis, L., Tsolia, M., Sergentanis, T., & Tsitsika, A. (2022). Gut microbiome and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review. Pediatric Research, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-022-02027-6Grünblatt, E., Nemoda, Z., Werling, A., Roth, A., Angyal, N., Tarnok, Z., Thomsen, H., Peters, T., Hinney, A., Hebebrand, J., Lesch, K., Romanos, M., & Walitza, S. (2018). The involvement of the canonical Wnt‐signaling receptor LRP5 and LRP6 gene variants with ADHD and sexual dimorphism: Association study and meta‐analysis. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B, 180, 365-376. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32695Hai, T., Swansburg, R., Kahl, C., Frank, H., Stone, K., Lemay, J., & Macmaster, F. (2022). Right superior frontal gyrus cortical thickness in pediatric ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 26, 1895-1906. https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547221110918Heyer, D., & Meredith, R. (2017). Environmental toxicology: Sensitive periods of development and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurotoxicology, 58, 23-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2016.10.017Hwang, I., Hong, J., Kwon, B., Kim, H., Lee, N., Lim, M., Kwon, H., & Jin, H. (2017). Association of mitochondrial DNA 10398 A/G polymorphism with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in Korean children. Gene, 630, 8-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2017.08.004Jiang, H., Zhou, Y., Zhou, G., Li, Y., Yuan, J., Li, X., & Ruan, B. (2018). Gut microbiota profiles in treatment-naïve children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behavioural Brain Research, 347, 408-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2018.03.036Jung, D., Lee, H., Choi, Y., Shin, H., & Choi, B. (2023). Sex-specific responses to juvenile stress on the dopaminergic system in an animal model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 160, 114352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114352Karr, J., Rodriguez, J., Rast, P., Goh, P., & Martel, M. (2023). A network analysis of executive functions in children and adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-023-01518-9Kaur, S., Morales-Hidalgo, P., Arija, V., & Canals, J. (2023). Prenatal exposure to air pollutants and attentional deficit hyperactivity disorder development in children: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20085443Khaliulin, I., Hamoudi, W., & Amal, H. (2024). The multifaceted role of mitochondria in autism spectrum disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 30, 629-650. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-024-02725-zKim, J., Lee, S., Park, M., Kim, S., Kim, J., Kim, S., & Kim, B. (2019). Peripheral mitochondrial DNA copy number is increased in Korean attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder patients. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00506Kooij, J., & Bijlenga, D. (2013). The circadian rhythm in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Current state of affairs. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 13, 1107-1116. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2013.836301Lenters, V., Iszatt, N., Forns, J., Čechová, E., Kočan, A., Legler, J., Leonards, P., Stigum, H., & Eggesbø, M. (2019). Early-life exposure to persistent organic pollutants (OCPs, PBDEs, PCBs, PFASs) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A multi-pollutant analysis of a Norwegian birth cohort. Environment International, 125, 33-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.020Li, H., Liu, L., Tang, Y., Ji, N., Yang, L., Qian, Q., & Wang, Y. (2014). Sex-specific association of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism and plasma BDNF with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a drug-naïve Han Chinese sample. Psychiatry Research, 217, 191-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.03.011Li, H., Tong, J., Wang, X., Lu, M., Yang, F., Gao, H., Gan, H., Yan, S., Gao, G., Huang, K., Cao, Y., & Tao, F. (2024). Associations of prenatal exposure to individual and mixed organophosphate esters with ADHD symptom trajectories in preschool children: The modifying effects of maternal Vitamin D. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 478, 135541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135541Li, Y., Sun, H., Huang, Y., Yin, A., Zhang, L., Han, J., Lyu, Y., Xu, X., Zhai, Y., Sun, H., Wang, P., Zhao, J., Sun, S., Dong, H., Zhu, F., Wang, Q., Rohde, L., Xie, X., Sun, X., & Xiong, L. (2022). Gut metagenomic characteristics of ADHD reveal low Bacteroides ovatus-associated host cognitive impairment. Gut Microbes, 14. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2022.2125747Lin, Q., Bu, X., Chen, H., Liang, Y., Wang, W., Yi, Y., Lin, H., Lu, L., Gao, Y., Qian, A., Chen, S., Wang, M., Huang, X., & Yang, C. (2022). Sex differences in microstructural alterations in the corpus callosum tracts in drug-naïve children with ADHD. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 16, 1592-1604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-021-00556-yLuo, X., Lin, X., Ide, J., Luo, X., Zhang, Y., Xu, J., Wang, L., Chen, Y., Cheng, W., Zheng, J., Wang, Z., Yu, T., Taximaimaiti, R., Jing, X., Wang, X., Cao, Y., Tan, Y., & Li, C. (2023). Male-specific, replicable and functional roles of genetic variants and cerebral gray matter volumes in ADHD: A gene-wide association study across KTN1 and a region-wide functional validation across brain. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-022-00536-0Mahone, E., & Wodka, E. (2008). The neurobiological profile of girls with ADHD. Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 14(4), 276-284. https://doi.org/10.1002/ddrr.41May, T., Adesina, I., McGillivray, J., & Rinehart, N. (2019). Sex differences in neurodevelopmental disorders. Current Opinion in Neurology, 32, 622-626. https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000000714Mouatsou, C., Margetaki, K., Kampouri, M., Psoma, S., Roumeliotaki, T., Vafeiadi, M., Chatzi, L., Kogevinas, M., & Koutra, K. (2024). Persistent organic pollutants and developmental trajectories of ADHD symptoms: The Rhea cohort study. The European Journal of Public Health, 34. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckae144.1098Nguyen, H., Kato, H., Sato, H., Yamaza, H., Sakai, Y., Ohga, S., Nonaka, K., & Masuda, K. (2019). Positive effect of exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor on impaired neurite development and mitochondrial function in dopaminergic neurons derived from dental pulp stem cells from children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 513(4), 1048-1054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.084Öğütlü, H., Esin, I., Erdem, H., Tatar, A., & Dursun, O. (2020). Mitochondrial DNA copy number is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatria Danubina, 32(2), 168-175. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/qtmg4Öğütlü, H., Esin, I., Erdem, H., Tatar, A., & Dursun, O. (2021). Mitochondrial DNA copy number may be associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder severity in treatment: A one-year follow-up study. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 25, 37-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2021.1879158Osianlis, E., Thomas, E., Jenkins, L., & Gurvich, C. (2025). ADHD and sex hormones in females: A systematic review. Journal of Attention Disorders, 29, 706-723. https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251332319Pagliaccio, D., Herbstman, J., Perera, F., Tang, D., Goldsmith, J., Peterson, B., Rauh, V., & Margolis, A. (2020). Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons modifies the effects of early life stress on attention and thought problems in late childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61, 1253-1265. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13189Palladino, V., Chiocchetti, A., Frank, L., Haslinger, D., McNeill, R., Radtke, F., Till, A., Haupt, S., Brüstle, O., Günther, K., Edenhofer, F., Hoffmann, P., Reif, A., & Kittel-Schneider, S. (2020). Energy metabolism disturbances in cell models of PARK2 CNV carriers with ADHD. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9124092Payares, D., Spooner, L., Vosters, J., Dominguez, S., Patrick, L., Harris, A., & Kanungo, S. (2024). A systematic review on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction/disorders in neurodevelopmental disorders and psychiatric/behavioral disorders. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1389093Perera, F., Wheelock, K., Wang, Y., Tang, D., Margolis, A., Badia, G., Cowell, W., Miller, R., Rauh, V., Wang, S., & Herbstman, J. (2018). Combined effects of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and material hardship on child ADHD behavior problems. Environmental Research, 160, 506-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.09.002Pinares-Garcia, P., Stratikopoulos, M., Zagato, A., Loke, H., & Lee, J. (2018). Sex: A significant risk factor for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Brain Sciences, 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8080154Prehn-Kristensen, A., Zimmermann, A., Tittmann, L., Lieb, W., Schreiber, S., Baving, L., & Fischer, A. (2018). Reduced microbiome alpha diversity in young patients with ADHD. PLoS ONE, 13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200728Rubia, K. (2007). Neuro-anatomic evidence for the maturational delay hypothesis of ADHD. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 19663-19664. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710329105Santos, S., Ferreira, H., Martins, J., Gonçalves, J., & Castelo‐Branco, M. (2022). Male sex bias in early and late onset neurodevelopmental disorders: Shared aspects and differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder, and Schizophrenia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104577Sarabin, E., Harkness, K., & Murias, K. (2023). The relationship between cortical thickness and executive function measures in children with and without ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 27, 1263-1271. https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547231174036Seli, P., Smallwood, J., Cheyne, J., & Smilek, D. (2015). On the relation of mind wandering and ADHD symptomatology. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22, 629-636. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-014-0793-0Shaw, P., Eckstrand, K., Sharp, W., Blumenthal, J., Lerch, J., Greenstein, D., Clasen, L., Evans, A., Giedd, J., & Rapoport, J. (2007). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a delay in cortical maturation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 19649-19654. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707741104Shirvani-Rad, S., Ejtahed, H., Marvasti, F., Taghavi, M., Sharifi, F., Arzaghi, S., & Larijani, B. (2022). The role of gut microbiota-brain axis in pathophysiology of ADHD: A systematic review. Journal of Attention Disorders, 26, 1698-1710. https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547211073474Sidlauskaite, J., Sonuga-Barke, E., Roeyers, H., & Wiersema, J. (2016). Altered intrinsic organisation of brain networks implicated in attentional processes in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A resting-state study of attention, default mode and salience network connectivity. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 266, 349-357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-015-0630-0Snitselaar, M., Smits, M., Van Der Heijden, K., & Spijker, J. (2017). Sleep and circadian rhythmicity in adult ADHD and the effect of stimulants. Journal of Attention Disorders, 21, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054713479663Soman, S., Vijayakumar, N., Thomson, P., Ball, G., Hyde, C., & Silk, T. (2023). Cortical structural and functional coupling during development and implications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Translational Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02546-8Sripada, C., Kessler, D., & Angstadt, M. (2014). Lag in maturation of the brain's intrinsic functional architecture in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 14259-14264. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1407787111Sukmajaya, A., Lusida, M., Soetjipto, S., & Setiawati, Y. (2021). Systematic review of gut microbiota and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Annals of General Psychiatry, 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-021-00330-wSutcubasi, B., Metin, B., Kurban, M., Metin, Z., Beşer, B., & Sonuga-Barke, E. (2020). Resting-state network dysconnectivity in ADHD: A system-neuroscience-based meta-analysis. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 21, 662-672. https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2020.1775889Szopinska-Tokov, J., Dam, S., Naaijen, J., Konstanti, P., Rommelse, N., Belzer, C., Buitelaar, J., Franke, B., Aarts, E., & Vásquez, A. (2020). Investigating the gut microbiota composition of individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and association with symptoms. Microorganisms, 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030406Tong, J., Liang, C., Huang, K., Xiang, H., Qi, J., Feng, L., Lai, Y., Shao, S., Wu, X., & Tao, F. (2020). Prenatal serum thallium exposure and 36-month-old children's attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms: Ma'anshan birth cohort study. Chemosphere, 244, 125499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125499Vaidya, C. (2012). Neurodevelopmental abnormalities in ADHD. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, 9, 49-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2011_138Verma, P., Singh, A., Nthenge-Ngumbau, D., Rajamma, U., Sinha, S., Mukhopadhyay, K., & Mohanakumar, K. (2016). Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder suffers from mitochondrial dysfunction. BBA Clinical, 6, 153-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.10.003Wan, L., Ge, W., Zhang, S., Sun, Y., Wang, B., & Yang, G. (2020). Case-control study of the effects of gut microbiota composition on neurotransmitter metabolic pathways in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00127Wang, L., Yang, C., Chou, W., Lee, M., Chou, M., Kuo, H., Yeh, Y., Lee, S., Huang, L., & Li, S. (2019). Gut microbiota and dietary patterns in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 287-297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-019-01352-2Wang, L., Yang, C., Kuo, H., Chou, W., Tsai, C., & Lee, S. (2022). Effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum on clinical characteristics and gut microbiota in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12020227Wang, N., Gao, X., Zhang, Z., & Yang, L. (2022). Composition of the gut microbiota in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.838941Wang, Y., Zuo, C., Xu, Q., Hao, L., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a delay in subcortical maturation. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110044Wynchank, D., Bijlenga, D., Lamers, F., Bron, T., Winthorst, W., Vogel, S., Penninx, B., Beekman, A., & Kooij, J. (2016). ADHD, circadian rhythms and seasonality. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 81, 87-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.06.018Yeo, R., Hill, D., Campbell, R., Vigil, J., Petropoulos, H., Hart, B., Zamora, L., & Brooks, W. (2003). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigation of the right frontal lobe in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(3), 303-310. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200303000-00010Yolton, K., Cornelius, M., Ornoy, A., McGough, J., Makris, S., & Schantz, S. (2014). Exposure to neurotoxicants and the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its related behaviors in childhood. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 44, 30-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2014.05.003Zamorano, F., Billeke, P., Kausel, L., Larraín, J., Stecher, X., Hurtado, J., López, V., Carrasco, X., & Aboitiz, F. (2017). Lateral prefrontal activity as a compensatory strategy for deficits of cortical processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Scientific Reports, 7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07681-zZhao, J., He, T., Wang, F., & Liu, W. (2024). Association of prenatal and postnatal exposure to air pollution with clinically diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review. Frontiers in Public Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1396251DisclaimerEducational Content Notice: This podcast episode is intended for educational and informational purposes only. The content presented is based on current scientific research and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any medical condition.Not Medical Advice: The information shared in this podcast does not constitute medical advice and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical consultation, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of qualified healthcare providers regarding any medical condition, including ADHD.Individual Variation: ADHD affects individuals differently, and the research discussed represents general patterns that may not apply to every person. Treatment approaches should always be individualized and developed in consultation with qualified healthcare professionals.Research Limitations: While the research cited represents current scientific understanding, the field of neuroscience is rapidly evolving. Future research may modify or contradict some findings presented.Professional Consultation: If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of ADHD or other mental health concerns, please consult with qualified mental health professionals, physicians, or other appropriate healthcare providers.No Therapeutic Relationship: Listening to this podcast does not establish a therapeutic or professional relationship with the host or any affiliated organizations.Academic Sources: All research cited has been sourced from peer-reviewed academic journals and systematic reviews. References are provided for verification and further reading.The host and producers of this podcast are not liable for any actions taken based on the information provided in this episode. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit esthernava.substack.com

NOW PLAYING

The 3-Year Brain Delay That Explains Everything About ADHD (And Why Traditional Parenting Fails)

0:00 30:23

No transcript for this episode yet

We transcribe on demand. Request one and we'll notify you when it's ready — usually under 10 minutes.

MG Show MG Show The MG Show, hosted by Jeffrey Pedersen and Shannon Townsend, is a leading alternative media platform dedicated to uncovering the truth behind today’s most pressing political issues. Launched in 2019, the show has grown exponentially, offering unfiltered insights, comprehensive research, and real-time analysis. With a commitment to independent journalism and factual integrity, the MG Show empowers its audience with knowledge and encourages active participation in the political discourse. Breaking News Show | eTurboNews Juergen Thomas Steinmetz News is relevant to the global travel and tourism industry, human rights and global issues.Breaking news when it happens and only from the source. Eat to Live Jenna Fuhrman, Dr. Fuhrman Our health is our most precious gift and smart nutrition can change your life. Each month, join Dr. Fuhrman and his daughter, Jenna Fuhrman as they discuss important topics in the world of nutrition. Eat to Live will change the way you eat and think about food. French Your Way Jessica: Native French teacher founder of French Your Way Boost your French listening skills and test your comprehension with this one of a kind series of podcasts. Get the chance to listen to a real conversation between native speakers talking at normal speed AND customise your learning experience through carefully designed sets of questions (2 levels of difficulty) available for download at www.frenchvoicespodcast.com. All interviews also come with the transcript. French teacher Jessica interviews native speakers of French from around the world who share a bit of their life and passion. Where else would you meet in one same place a French yoga teacher based in Melbourne, a soap manufacturer from Provence, or a couple cycling around the world?

Frequently Asked Questions

How long is this episode of Strides To Solutions?

This episode is 30 minutes long.

When was this Strides To Solutions episode published?

This episode was published on September 14, 2025.

What is this episode about?

Revolutionary neuroimaging reveals ADHD brains develop 3 years behind schedule in crucial areas, explaining why typical behavioral expectations are setting kids up for failure.ReferencesAl-Kafaji, G., Jahrami, H., Alwehaidah, M., Alshammari, Y., &...

Can I download this Strides To Solutions episode?

Yes, you can download this episode by clicking the download button on the episode player, or subscribe to the podcast in your preferred podcast app for automatic downloads.
URL copied to clipboard!