The Allegheny Portage Railroad (Ep4)

The successful opening of the Erie Canal in New York State in 1825 gives the rest of the country a case of “canal fever” and none more so than the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Desperate to catch up with the surging economy of New York City, economic elites from Philadelphia and elsewhere in the Commonwealth hatch a plan for a cross-state canal, linking Philadelphia to Pittsburgh and Pittsburgh to Erie. What is eventually developed – the Main Line of Public Works – is a system of canals and railroads that link the state, but at enormous cost to the Commonwealth. The 36-mile Allegheny Portage Railroad, constructed between 1831 and 1834, was the key section that would transport goods and people over the crest in the Allegheny Mountains, and while it was a technological marvel it was inefficient. The entire system never generates enough tolls to reimburse the huge investment of funds of the state government, and the Commonwealth defaults on its debt payments in 1842. Out of this disaster would arise a later a successful effort to create a statewide rail system owned and operated by a private company, which would be known as the Pennsylvania Railroad, and which would become in a few decades both the largest railroad and the largest company in the world. It is also during this time that anthracite found in the Coal Regions of the state becomes vital to manufacturing and the Philadelphia economy pivots to become the leading manufacturing center in the country.