The Berlin Conference: Disputed Claims on the Muni Estuary

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the lesser-known dispute over the Muni Estuary during the Berlin Conference. While the major powers carved up Africa, Spain and France clashed over a small but strategically vital strip of territory in the Gulf of Guinea. Lucas explains how the Muni Estuary became a diplomatic chess piece, the role of the 1900 Treaty of Paris in settling the border, and the lasting impact on the modern-day borders of Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. He delves into the early agreements between Spain and France, the exploration of the Muni River by Manuel de Iradier, and the indigenous Fang peoples who were caught in the middle. This episode sheds light on a forgotten corner of the Scramble for Africa, where the lines drawn in Berlin still shape politics and identity over a century later. #MuniEstuary #BerlinConference #ScrambleForAfrica #SpainInAfrica #FranceInAfrica #EquatorialGuinea #Gabon #GulfOfGuinea #ManuelDeIradier #FangPeople #RioMuni #1900TreatyOfParis #ColonialBorders #SpanishGuinea #FrenchCongo #EuropeanColonialism #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo