The Nonfat Short Squeeze

Nonfat prices have moved sharply higher in recent weeks. But the rally isn't being driven by a sudden surge in demand. It's being driven by a breakdown in where milk is actually flowing. In this episode of The Milk Check, Ted Jacoby III and the Jacoby team unpack insights coming out of the IDFA Dairy Forum in Palm Springs and explain why nonfat prices have surged nearly 25 cents in just weeks, even as milk production remains strong. The issue isn't price resistance. It's availability. Milk that the market expected to move into dryers is instead being diverted into cheese plants, ultra-filtration, whey proteins and other higher-value protein streams. As a result, powder supply is far tighter than headline production numbers suggest. Layer in heavy short positioning, processing disruptions, and new offtake agreements, and the market begins to resemble a classic short squeeze. In this conversation, the team breaks down what's actually driving NDFM and why higher prices haven't unlocked new supply. We cover: How protein economics are pulling milk away from powder Why rising milk production hasn't translated into greater availability Key structural differences between the U.S., Europe, and New Zealand Where the market may find its next equilibrium, and what could disrupt it If you're relying on historical assumptions about nonfat availability, this episode explains why those assumptions may no longer hold. Listen to The Milk Check to understand what the evolving nonfat landscape means for pricing risk, exports and coverage decisions ahead. Available below or on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, Amazon Podcasts or YouTube. Got questions? We’d love to hear them. Submit below, and we might answer it on the show. Ask The Milk Check Jacob Menge: [00:00:00] There are just so many of these long-held assumptions, things that people who have been in the industry a while probably have, like, "Well, my gut tells me this." Question your gut. Ted Jacoby III: Welcome to the Milk Check from T.C. Jacoby and Company, your complete guide to dairy markets, from the milking parlor to the supermarket shelf. I'm Ted Jacoby. Let's dive in. It is January 30th. We've all just got back from the Dairy Forum in Palm Springs, where it was a hell of a lot warmer than it is here in frigid St. Louis, Missouri. Joining me today is Diego Carvallo, the head of our international sales team and our head non -fat dry milk trader. We have Josh White, head of our dairy ingredients group, Jacob Menge, our VP of risk Management and Trading Strategy, and Mike Brown, VP of Jacoby Dairy Market Intelligence. Guys, welcome. What did we learn in Palm Springs? I think the biggest thing that came out of our visit and running into everybody at the Dairy Forum is that nonfat dry milk and skim milk powder really is tight. We have a short squeeze going on in the nonfat dry milk [00:01:00] market. The market is up. I think it's 25 cents in the last three weeks. I'll let Diego explain to everybody what's really going on in the nonfat market right now. Diego? Diego Carvallo: Ted, that's a very loaded question right now. Everybody's scratching their heads. As of right now, today, Friday the 30th, the market just closed. The whole strip is limit up -- 4 cents up. I think I hadn't seen this in quite some time. IDFA was very interesting for a lot of people to discover why the spot market has been tight for this long and have good discussions on what the outlook looks like. Let's start with the fundamentals. I think a few things are helping this market and supporting it and pushing it higher. The first one is what a lot of people are discussing, which is the amount of UF being produced in regions like the Midwest. We all know that many of the plants have installed new capacity to have UF sales, and those solids are in great demand [00:02:00] for cheese fortification right now. So that's one of the reasons why the Midwest especially feeling this tight. Another reason is that the majority of the people who speculate with this market, and it goes from traders to manufacturers and even distributors, most of them have been short, expecting this market to move lower during the spring flush. I remember a few months ago, the speculation was that we were gonna break the $1. And, it seems like everybody got short, physical and in the screen, and that market, obviously, whenever we saw a bounce, everybody ran to cover their shorts, right? Another reason is that we saw a few interruptions in processing capacity, especially in California during the months of November. I think that also contributed to the tightness in the market without even getting into the conversation of new [00:03:00] offtake agreements that have taken up this year. So I think those are the main contributors to this market moving higher, and I think it's something that is mainly affecting the U.S. The rest of the market is following through. I think this scenario is very different when you talk about European and New Zealand production. It's even different when you see the U.S., the West Coast versus the rest of the country. Ted Jacoby III: Tell me about Europe. I know Europe started acting tight a little bit before the U.S., but what's going on in Europe? Nonfat, dry milk and skim milk powder is probably our most global market when it comes to dairy. Diego Carvallo: So, Europe had a couple of large tenders that took place, I think that was beginning of January. So, the infamous O'Neill tender and a few similar tenders that usually move a lot of product. Those tenders took place, and I think it helped clear some of the excess product that was available in the market. But I think in Europe we had a similar situation where most of the traders, most [00:04:00] of the end users and manufacturers, everybody was expecting prices to move lower, right? Whenever we saw these tenders coming and the market slightly turned less bearish, I think everybody ran also to cover their shorts. But the situation in Europe has not been as bullish as it has in the U.S. The spread between the U.S. and Europe when it comes to skim has in fact widened as of right now. Europe is also feeling the support. Definitely. It's in part driven by the U.S. rally. Ted Jacoby III: Well, that makes sense. I can tell you I had conversations with a few different manufacturers while I was at IDFA. And the best way I can sum up what the feeling was there's a couple of dryers on the East Coast. Those dryers at this point are not expecting to ever run full this year, not even at the height of the flush, because there's three new plants at various stages of development. There's a new cheese plant in New York. There is a Fair Life milk plant in New York, and then ultimately a yogurt plant in New [00:05:00] York. All three of those plants are gonna need the milk. It's gonna come at the expense of the powder plants in that area. You look at the Southwest in Texas again, you've got two new cheese plants that are still in the midst of ramping up. They are getting first dibs on the milk at the expense of the nonfat dry milk plants down there. So those plants are gonna get the milk that they expected. And there's another nonfat plant that pretty much has turned a 100%, to Diego's point that's turned a 100% of their milk supply into skim UF that they're supplying to various sources. And that plant is running the ultra filtration unit full. So, that plant isn't drying anything. You got a couple of dryers in the Michigan area. They're not running as full as usually, but it's more of a domino effect there. I have a hunch as you get into the flush, those dryers may fill up. But you've got four other dryers, maybe five that aren't. Now you go over to the west coast: California, those are drying. But California alone, as big as it is, is not enough to offset how much milk is not running into the dryers in the [00:06:00] rest of the country. And then you've got the Northwest, where there has been a lot of milk lost in the Northwest. And so that dryer isn't running as full as probably previously expected. What happened was everybody just got together, finally started talking when they were all together in Palm Springs, and they realized when they did the math, even if we're up 4.4% in milk production, we're not drying more nonfat. Those skim solids are going elsewhere for various reasons. Diego Carvallo: The biggest question right now, Ted, is the lack of product in the Midwest and East Coast could balance out the lack of exports that we're gonna have from this price rally. The numbers say that demand is approximately 60 million pounds. That number, it's probably only 2% to 3% of U.S. nonfat production. So, it doesn't seem like a huge number, but when you compare it to exports it is quite a volume. Ted Jacoby III: It really does add up. Yeah, no, I would agree with that. Jacob Menge: It sounds based on what Ted had just laid out and what you had said earlier, Diego, that this [00:07:00] isn't necessarily a demand-driven rally. It's really a lack-of-supply-driven rally. Ted Jacoby III: Yeah. A lack-of-supply-driven rally in an environment where everybody was expecting oversupply and kind of got caught surprised when they realized that even though there's more milk, it didn't fully translate to more powder. Jacob Menge: So, what changes it? Price? How long? What does end game here look like? Based on what I'm hearing, sounds to me like there's almost not a price that is all of a sudden going to bring more supply out of the woodwork. So, is there a price that kills demand? People say, "Hey, we can't make this number work anymore?" Ted Jacoby III: I think, actually, Diego just framed it a few minutes ago in the right way. This lost production that we were expecting, is it enough to make up for the fact that international demand f