The PDF Protocol: Endurance in the Age of Intelligence

Since its debut in 1993, the PDF has grown from a slow, doubted file type into the global standard for digital documents—despite persistent complaints about security flaws, clunky mobile viewing, and accessibility limitations. Today, even artificial intelligence struggles to interpret its rigid layouts without errors, prompting startups to propose sleeker, AI-native alternatives. Yet industry giants like Adobe and Google are doubling down, upgrading tools to work within the format rather than replace it. In this episode, we explore why the PDF refuses to die—and whether the future of AI will adapt to it instead of the other way around.https://www.economist.com/business/2026/02/24/the-war-against-pdfs-is-heating-up