Three species, three chemistry profiles, one label

E. purpurea (chicoric acid + alkamides), E. angustifolia (echinacoside + alkamides), E. pallida (echinacoside, few alkamides). These are pharmacologically different plants with different mechanisms sold interchangeably as "Echinacea." It's as if someone sold Arabica, Robusta, and Liberica as interchangeable "coffee" for clinical purposes.Publications of interest:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16102249/https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4441164/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11428661/