Turning Contamination into Innovation: The Cape Fear Story

In this episode of 21st Century Water, we speak with Ken Waldroup, Executive Director at Cape Fear Public Utility Authority (CFPUA), about his career journey, the challenges of coastal utility management, and the proactive steps taken by his team to lead in water quality and infrastructure modernization. Ken brings a unique perspective as a nuclear engineer turned water utility leader, and we explore how that technical foundation combined with public administration and business training has shaped his approach to utility leadership.We begin with Ken’s transition from nuclear engineering to water, driven by a passion for clean water and real-world experience at a treatment facility. As his career evolved, he leaned into leadership roles, eventually stepping away from pure engineering into administration and strategy. His move from Raleigh Water to CFPUA was driven by the complexity and forward-thinking approach of the Wilmington-based utility, which was already grappling with emerging contaminants like PFAS years before they hit the national stage.We dig into CFPUA’s business structure and governance model, which includes a board with a heavy business background. That model has driven a utility culture centered around proactive service delivery and investment, rather than regulatory compliance alone. Ken discusses how this influenced his decision to pursue an MBA to better align with board expectations and sharpen his ability to speak the language of business.The heart of our conversation revolves around CFPUA’s rapid and independent response to PFAS contamination. In 2017, CFPUA learned their primary water source, the Cape Fear River, had been compromised by GenX and other pollutants from an upstream chemical facility. Instead of waiting for federal intervention, the utility invested in a $43 million granular activated carbon facility, delivering results ahead of future EPA regulations. This solution, now a national benchmark, showcases how customer trust and local leadership can drive transformation.We also discuss the scale of infrastructure investment needed—over a billion dollars in capital over the next decade for a 200,000-person utility—and how Ken’s team prioritizes those projects using risk-based matrices, strategic partnerships, and alternative revenue streams. From utility acquisitions to economic development projects, the approach remains grounded in business fundamentals.Climate resilience is another major theme. Located on a coastal peninsula, CFPUA is already seeing the impacts of sea-level rise, groundwater depletion, and storm intensity. Ken shares strategies such as elevating lift station electronics and planning new plants above the 500-year floodplain. These external pressures also demand increased insurance coverage and a shift toward self-insurance, which impacts available capital for infrastructure.Innovation, for Ken, is as much about people as it is about technology. CFPUA has invested in workforce development, incentivizing both technical certification and higher education. Tools like machine learning and AI are being explored to support smarter capital planning. But the emphasis remains on equipping staff to leverage those tools.Finally, we explore Ken’s servant leadership style—delegating authority, celebrating team wins, and continuously investing in people. As he enters the final stretch of his career, his focus is on embedding sustainable management systems that will continue to deliver value long after he’s gone.More:Cape Fear Public Utility Authority – https://www.cfpua.orgCity of Wilmington – https://www.wilmingtonnc.govChemours PFAS Information – https://www.chemours.com Aquasight Website: https://aquasight.io/