Ukraine's fiscal and financial challenges

As it faces the exigencies of an existential war, Ukraine is confronted with stark fiscal and financial policy trade-offs, despite the mitigation provided by large-scale external financial support. So far, its authorities have kept monetary and financial stability under control beyond a relatively brief initial episode of turmoil in 2022. What is the broad fiscal equation for Ukraine looking forward, taking into account uncertainties about European funding beyond 2027? Can domestic revenue be raised? Is International Monetary Fund conditionality effective and appropriate? What is the state of the banking sector? Can Ukraine maintain stability after an eventual ceasefire or peace agreement? How will it fund its massive reconstruction needs?