When Missing Toes Burn: Phantom Limb Pain in Diabetic Amputees

Dr. G explores phantom limb pain in amputees—what it feels like, how it differs from residual stump pain, and the multi-level mechanisms (peripheral nerves, spinal cord, brain prediction errors) that cause it. Special focus is given to why diabetic patients are especially vulnerable. The episode outlines clinical evaluation, red flags to rule out, and a practical, multidisciplinary care plan including mirror therapy, graded motor imagery, neuromodulation, targeted nerve surgery, and when to refer to specialists.