When the Kidneys Fail: Managing AKI, CKD, and Renal Replacement Therapy

In this episode, we explore the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and comprehensive management of both Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). We’ll differentiate prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes of AKI, while examining how diabetes and hypertension drive the progression of CKD. Special emphasis is placed on critical nursing priorities, including fluid balance monitoring and the recognition of life-threatening complications such as hyperkalemia and uremia. We’ll also review renal replacement therapies—including hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation—along with their procedural considerations and potential complications. Finally, we discuss surgical interventions, renal trauma, and special considerations for gerontologic patients and those affected by COVID-19, reinforcing the nurse’s role in delivering safe, holistic, and evidence-based renal care.