我怎样了解到一个人是聪明人？

How can one tell if someone is smart?Simone BeauvoirWhen they show me how to reframe questions.Here are two examples from a biotech summit  [1]I attended in University of Cambridge just this week.  When a panel of female speakers were asked if women in science could "have it all" - many riffed on tropes such as following your heart, work-life balance, etc. But one said: "It's not about whether you can have it all, but what you define as your 'all'." Powerful.When asked to predict the future of biotechnology, an esteemed panel speculated about fancy solutions: antibodies, cancer research, etc. When it came to an award-winning haematologist (Dr. Helen Lee [2]), she said: "We can predict the future only by solving present problems." Then, she demonstrated how distilled water, instead of a sophisticated vaccine, was the best way to reduce cholera infections in developing African nations. "It is the pebbles, and not the boulders, that trip us," she said - in sharp contrast to the room's buoyant projections of a hazy future.It is easy to confuse intelligence with credentials (academic qualifications), knowledgeability (knowing a lot), learnability (ability to learn new things), and passion for abstract thinking (interested in meta-cognitive reflection, etc.) I know of many people who went to top universities, who excelled in international tests and state exams, who did very well professionally, and pursued high ranks in academia. But to me, all of these are not definitive hallmarks of a person's intelligence: if you are lucky enough to have above average cognitive ability, a high amount of drive, and was born in a supportive environment that encouraged learning - all these traditional indicators of intelligence would not be hard to achieve. Thus, for me the definitive test of intelligence is when a person - regardless of age, background, or education - demonstrates the rarest skill of all: insight.