Words Don't Refer Alone: The Architecture of Reference

Language philosopher Bry Willis explores Paul Pietroski’s theory that words do not directly latch onto objects but instead serve as headers for diverse conceptual families. The author expands on this by introducing the Mediated Encounter Ontology, arguing that reference is a joint achievement occurring within structured, real-world activities rather than a private mental process. By using the practical example of making lemonade, the source illustrates how polysemy—the existence of multiple related meanings—functions across different levels of linguistic complexity. The narrative challenges the traditional view of fixed application conditions, suggesting that speakers, words, and environmental constraints must work together to stabilise meaning. Ultimately, the text posits that language serves as a synchronisation protocol, allowing individuals to coordinate actions through shared encounters. While agreeing that words do not refer to reality in isolation, the author concludes that they successfully facilitate reference when embedded in collective social practices.👉 https://brywillis634737.substack.com/p/words-do-not-refer-alone