An Essay on Economic Theory

Foreword to An Essay on Economic Theory

Introduction to An Essay on Economic Theory

1.1. Wealth

1.4. Market Towns

1.6. Capital Cities

1.7. The Labor of the Plowman is of Less Value than that of the Artisan

1.8. Some Artisans Earn More, Others Less, According to the Different Cases and Circumstances

1.9. The Number of Laborers, Artisans, and Others, Who Work in a State, is Naturally Proportioned to the Demand for Them

1.10. The Price and Intrinsic Value of a Thing, in General, is the Measurement of the Land and Labor, which enter into its Production

1.11. The Par Value or Ratio between the Value of Land and Labor

1.12. All Classes and Individuals in a State Subsist or Grow Rich at the Expense of the Property Owners

1.13. The Circulation and Exchange of Goods and Merchandise, as well as their Production, are Carried On in Europe by Entrepreneurs, and at a Risk

1.14. The Desires, Fashions, and Ways of Life of the Prince, and especially of the Property Owners, Determine the Use to which Land is put in a State, and Cause the Variations in the Market Prices of all Things

1.15. The Increase and Decrease of the Number of People in a State chiefly Depends on the Taste, the Fashions, and the Ways of Life of the Property Owners

1.17. Metals and Money, and especially of Gold and Silver

2.1. Barter

2.2. Market Prices

2.3. The Circulation of Money

2.4. Further Reflection on the Rapidity or Slowness of the Circulation of Money in Exchange

2.5. The inequality of the circulation of hard money in a State

2.7. Continuation of the same subject

2.9. Interest on Money and its Causes

2.10. The Causes of Increases and Decreases of the Interest Rate on Money in a State

3.1. Foreign Trade

3.2. On Bills of Exchanges and their Nature

3.3. Further Explanations on the Nature of Exchanges

3.6. Banks and their Credit

3.7. Further Explanations and Enquiries as to the Utility of a National Bank

3.8. The Refinements of Credit of General Banks

1.2. Human Societies

1.3. Villages

1.5. Cities

1.16. The more Labor there is in a State, the more the State is Judged Naturally Rich

2.6. The Increase and Decrease of the Quantity of Money in a State

2.8. Further Reflections on the Increase and Decrease of Money in a State

3.4. The Variations in the Proportion of Values with Regard to the Metals Used as Money

3.5. The Augmentation and Diminution of the Denomination of Money