Cocooned Health

The Midwife Series Episode 4: Analysis - How 100 Midwives Generated A Solution To Vaccine Conversations In Pregnancy - “Sometimes It’s The Simplest Thing.” Part of the 4 part series:  The Midwife Series Episode 1: Frontline Insights - Midwives On Vaccine Conversations In Pregnancy. "It's Our Role To Guide And Support" The Midwife Series Episode 2: Emergence Of An Idea: What Do Midwives Need And Why? “The Easier It Is To Access, The More Utilised It Will Be” The Midwife Series Episode 3: Honing And Developing - The Checklist That Could Transform Vaccine Conversations. The Midwife Series Episode 4: Analysis - How 100 Midwives Generated A Solution To Vaccine Conversations In Pregnancy - “Sometimes It’s The Simplest Thing” In the fourth and final episode of our special Midwife Series, Cocooned Health co-hosts Dr Eliz Kilich and Dr Lydia Yarlott review the results of a survey with over 100 participants. 120 participants started the survey, with 102 participants completing all questions. The survey was conducted using Qualtrics XM with 37 questions. The questions included demographics, communication and confidence, innovative strategies, knowledge base and questions about the Cocooned Health podcast. During this episode co-hosts discuss each question one by one, excluding the podcast questions. They provide insights and analysis of the answers. They give their opinions about how this relates to the podcast groups conducted. It is from here they discuss the future innovative strategies that could be developed. This episode series was developed with funding support from Pfizer Ltd. Pfizer Ltd had no involvement in the content, production, review, analysis, or editorial decisions relating to this series. Funding was provided through an independent grant to support Cocooned Health's work. All views and content are those of the contributors and Cocooned Health. All other Cocooned Health podcast content is produced independently. The views expressed by participants are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of their institutions, employers, or affiliated organisations. This podcast is intended for educational purposes only and should not replace advice from your own healthcare professional regarding individual medical care. Midwives were remunerated for their time. DM us at cocoonedhealthpodcast or email: [email protected]

The Midwife Series Episode 3: Honing And Developing – The Checklist That Could Transform Vaccine Conversations. Part of the 4 part series:  The Midwife Series Episode 1: Frontline Insights - Midwives On Vaccine Conversations In Pregnancy. "It's Our Role To Guide And Support" The Midwife Series Episode 2: Emergence Of An Idea: What Do Midwives Need And Why? “The Easier It Is To Access, The More Utilised It Will Be” The Midwife Series Episode 3: Honing And Developing - The Checklist That Could Transform Vaccine Conversations. The Midwife Series Episode 4: Analysis - How 100 Midwives Generated A Solution To Vaccine Conversations In Pregnancy - “Sometimes It’s The Simplest Thing” In the third episode of our special Midwife Series, Cocooned Health co-hosts Dr Eliz Kilich and Dr Lydia Yarlott are joined by three experienced midwives to further develop the most desired intervention by midwives from our conducted survey of over 100 midwife participants. They build of the previous 2 other podcast conversation refining what is needed. By exploring the nuance of conversations, what is expected of midwives and the limitations we role play the use of the intervention and discuss how this influences midwife confidence. This episode series was developed with funding support from Pfizer Ltd. Pfizer Ltd had no involvement in the content, production, review, analysis, or editorial decisions relating to this series. Funding was provided through an independent grant to support Cocooned Health's work. All views and content are those of the contributors and Cocooned Health. All other Cocooned Health podcast content is produced independently. The views expressed by participants are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of their institutions, employers, or affiliated organisations. This podcast is intended for educational purposes only and should not replace advice from your own healthcare professional regarding individual medical care. Midwives were remunerated for their time. DM us at cocoonedhealthpodcast or email: [email protected]

The Midwife Series Episode 2: Emergence Of An Idea: What Do Midwives Need And Why? “The Easier It Is To Access, The More Utilised It Will Be.” Part of the 4 part series:  The Midwife Series Episode 1: Frontline Insights - Midwives On Vaccine Conversations In Pregnancy. "It's Our Role To Guide And Support" The Midwife Series Episode 2: Emergence Of An Idea: What Do Midwives Need And Why? “The Easier It Is To Access, The More Utilised It Will Be” The Midwife Series Episode 3: Honing And Developing - The Checklist That Could Transform Vaccine Conversations. The Midwife Series Episode 4: Analysis - How 100 Midwives Generated A Solution To Vaccine Conversations In Pregnancy - “Sometimes It’s The Simplest Thing” In the second episode of our special Midwife Series, Cocooned Health co-hosts Dr Eliz Kilich and Dr Lydia Yarlott are joined by three experienced midwives to explore an emergence of innovations to adjunct vaccine conversations in the United Kingdom. We discuss the logistics around conversations in pregnancy with our second group of midwives. We move on to share a key result from out survey and start to explore what an innovative solution might look like in practice... This episode series was developed with funding support from Pfizer Ltd. Pfizer Ltd had no involvement in the content, production, review, analysis, or editorial decisions relating to this series. Funding was provided through an independent grant to support Cocooned Health's work. All views and content are those of the contributors and Cocooned Health. All other Cocooned Health podcast content is produced independently. The views expressed by participants are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of their institutions, employers, or affiliated organisations. This podcast is intended for educational purposes only and should not replace advice from your own healthcare professional regarding individual medical care. Midwives were remunerated for their time. DM us at cocoonedhealthpodcast or email: [email protected]

The Midwife Series Episode 1: Frontline Insights - Midwives On Vaccine Conversations In Pregnancy. "It's Our Role To Guide And Support." Part of the 4 part series:  The Midwife Series Episode 1: Frontline Insights - Midwives On Vaccine Conversations In Pregnancy. "It's Our Role To Guide And Support" The Midwife Series Episode 2: Emergence Of An Idea: What Do Midwives Need And Why? “The Easier It Is To Access, The More Utilised It Will Be” The Midwife Series Episode 3: Honing And Developing - The Checklist That Could Transform Vaccine Conversations. The Midwife Series Episode 4: Analysis - How 100 Midwives Generated A Solution To Vaccine Conversations In Pregnancy - “Sometimes It’s The Simplest Thing” In the first episode of our special Midwife Series, Cocooned Health co-hosts, Dr Eliz Kilich and Dr Lydia Yarlott, are joined by three experienced midwives to explore one of the most important conversations in maternity care: discussing vaccines during pregnancy. Drawing on insights from UK real-world midwife professionals working on the frontline, this episode examines how vaccine conversations take place in practice, the challenges faced, and the opportunities to better support both healthcare professionals and pregnant women. Our guests share their perspectives on discussing maternal vaccinations, navigating questions and concerns, building trust, and balancing these important conversations within busy clinical appointments. Together, we explore what helps midwives feel confident when discussing vaccines and what practical tools could make these conversations easier and more effective. This fascinating conversation highlights the vital role midwives play in supporting informed choices and protecting the health of mothers and babies. This episode series was developed with funding support from Pfizer Ltd. Pfizer Ltd had no involvement in the content, production, review, analysis, or editorial decisions relating to this series. Funding was provided through an independent grant to support Cocooned Health's work. All views and content are those of the contributors and Cocooned Health. All other Cocooned Health podcast content is produced independently.   The views expressed by participants are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of their institutions, employers, or affiliated organisations. This podcast is intended for educational purposes only and should not replace advice from your own healthcare professional regarding individual medical care. Midwives were remunerated for their time. DM us at cocoonedhealthpodcast or email: [email protected]

Ep. 31: Measles - outbreaks or exposure in your child's area - what every parent needs to know What would you do if your child was exposed to measles and suddenly told to stay home from nursery for 21 days? In this episode, we tackle a real-life scenario many families are now facing. We break down what measles exposure means, why exclusion periods happen, and whether early vaccination (from 9 months) is ever an option. With measles cases rising again across the UK - especially in London - we explore the latest data and what it means for your child’s risk. In areas like Enfield, only 64.3% of five-year-olds have received both MMR doses, far below the 95% needed to prevent outbreaks. National uptake has also fallen, and the UK has recently lost its measles elimination status after thousands of cases in recent years. We cover: Early symptoms and how to recognise measles Why measles is one of the most infectious diseases in the world (and what “R0” really means) Possible complications and why this illness is more serious than many people think What to do if your child has been in contact with a case When to call your GP The role of the MMR vaccine, including early doses during outbreaks Who may need urgent protection like immunoglobulin We also discuss the science behind vaccination timing, including why the routine first dose is given at 12 months and what happens when it’s given earlier.

Ep 30. Decoding the current meningitis outbreak in the UK. Expert Guest: Dr Eliza Gil   Widespread public anxiety around the recent meningitis outbreak in Kent has raised urgent questions about how serious it is, who’s at risk, and whether we should be worried. In this episode of Cocooned Health, we’re joined by Dr Eliza Gil, Academic Clinical Lecturer in Infection at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Honorary Clinical Microbiologist at Great Ormond Street Hospital. She breaks down what we know so far about the March 2026 outbreak, including why this surge occurred despite the strain being similar to the already circulating strain in the UK since 2020. We explore how this outbreak differs from a pandemic like COVID-19, why meningitis cases can appear weeks after exposure, and what makes this particular strain (clonal complex 41/44) significant. Dr Gil also explains transmission risks from close-contact settings like club nights and discusses emerging factors such as vaping, while reassuring listeners with the latest data suggesting the outbreak is already slowing. With an additional special focus on pregnancy and newborn health, we answer key listener questions about vaccination in pregnancy, what happens if you or your child are exposed. We also cover how meningitis is treated, whether current antibiotics remain effective, and how public health agencies respond during outbreaks. Clear, evidence-based, and reassuring, this episode helps you stay informed without the panic.   References:  BMJ Article: Gil E. (2026). Meningitis B in Kent: an outbreak in the shadow of a pandemic. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 392, s547. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.s547 https://www.bmj.com/content/392/bmj.s547 UKHSA Updates: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/invasive-meningococcal-disease-statistical-releases/notified-cases-of-invasive-meningococcal-disease   Summary: All of the 20 confirmed cases are meningococcal group B (MenB). 17 of these have the outbreak strain subtype P1.12-1,16-183. All cases have been hospitalised. There have been 2 deaths since the start of the incident

This accessible scientific episode clarifies what happens in the newborn's immune system when faced with infection or in the absence of it. Ever wondered how newborns and adult immune system's differ? We discuss the newborn strategy "disease tolerance" and why this is important...why they are more resilient and more able to deal with microbes.    Dr Eliz Kilich, with co‑host Dr Lydia Yarlott, are joined today by Professor Tobias Kollmann to explore newborn immunity.  Prof. Kollmann completed his MD and PhD at the Albert of Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, followed by a residency in pediatrics and fellowship in infectious diseases at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA with Prof. Chris Wilson. He then served as Division Head for Pediatric Infectious Diseases at the University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital before taking on the Director’s position of Systems Vaccinology at Telethon Kids Institute in Perth, Australia. He currently is Prof. of Microbiology & Immunology as well as Pediatric Infectious Diseases at Dalhousie University in Halifax, NS, Canada. Tobi is the CEO of the Born Strong Initiative (https://www.born-strong.org/), a global network of experts working to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. His expertise centers around immune ontogeny as well as maternal and early life vaccine responses employing cutting edge technology and analytics to extract the most information out of the small biological samples obtainable.   Further Reading:   - Science: Vaccination strategies to enhance immunity in neonates Tobias R. Kollmann et al. Vaccination strategies to enhance immunity in neonates.Science 368,612-615(2020).DOI:10.1126/science.aaz9447 Direct Iink: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6491/612.abstract

Chickenpox Vaccine 2026 — What It Means for Your Child From January 2026, the NHS is introducing routine vaccination against chickenpox as part of the childhood immunisation programme. This marks a major shift in how the UK approaches a virus often seen as mild, but one that can cause serious complications, hospital admissions and significant disruption for families. In this episode, we explore what this change really means, especially for parents asking: What if my child has already had chickenpox, or was vaccinated privately before the NHS rollout? We break down the benefits of routine chickenpox vaccination, including fewer infections, fewer severe cases, and protection for babies, pregnant women and immunocompromised people who are most at risk. We also discuss the known risks and side effects, how these compare with natural infection, and what the evidence tells us about overall safety. A key focus is the combined MMRV vaccine. We explain why chickenpox is being added to the existing measles, mumps and rubella programme, how combination vaccines work, and what parents should know about timing, immune response and the small increase in short-term side effects seen with combination jabs in younger children. We also tackle the bigger public health questions. What does widespread vaccination mean for the future of chickenpox? Is eradication possible? And how might reduced circulation of the virus affect shingles rates later in life? We look at what other countries have learned, what is still being monitored, and why long-term surveillance matters. Whether you’re deciding what to do after a previous infection, a private vaccine, or simply want to understand the reasoning behind this major policy change, this episode offers balanced, evidence-based discussion to help you make informed choices with confidence.

 “Can a single vaccine (BCG) on the first day of life protect against many unrelated infections?” Expert Guests: Professor Tobias Kollmann and Assistant Professor Nelly Amenyogbe   What about if you could give your baby a vaccine on day 1 of life and it would protect against many infections. This sounds almost like a miracle or fantasy that a single vaccine could protect against many unrelated infections. This episode looks at the BCG vaccine and how it offers young babies more than just protection against tuberculosis. This episode will transform your understanding of how vaccines work, the potential for future developments, and a tiny intro into why your baby's immunity is so special. Experts have been slow to embrace this phenomenon of the broad effects of vaccines because of dogma about how the immune system works. Some other scientists have criticised the evidence as being too weak.  But things are changing and we are thrilled to discuss it with our guests who not only will help share some of the history on how the knowledge of this came about but what their work has done for the field in pushing forward our understanding on the baby’s immune system and how this vaccine effect might work.    Dr Eliz Kilich, with co‑host Dr Lydia Yarlott, are joined today by Professor Tobias Kollmann and Assistant Professor Nelly Amenyogbe to explore this topic and what it means to get the BCG vaccine on day 1 of life.  Prof. Kollmann completed his MD and PhD at the Albert of Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, followed by a residency in pediatrics and fellowship in infectious diseases at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA with Prof. Chris Wilson. He then served as Division Head for Pediatric Infectious Diseases at the University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital before taking on the Director’s position of Systems Vaccinology at Telethon Kids Institute in Perth, Australia. He currently is Prof. of Microbiology & Immunology as well as Pediatric Infectious Diseases at Dalhousie University in Halifax, NS, Canada. Tobi is the CEO of the Born Strong Initiative (https://www.born-strong.org/), a global network of experts working to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. His expertise centers around immune ontogeny as well as maternal and early life vaccine responses employing cutting edge technology and analytics to extract the most information out of the small biological samples obtainable.  Dr Nelly Amenyogbe, is Assistant Professor Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. Her previous research showed how BCG, the vaccine against tuberculosis, reduces risk to die from newborn sepsis within days of being given. Current projects build on these initial observations to identify how host metabolism influences the immune response to infection, especially colostrum feeding for newborns, which may influence the efficacy of immune-targeting therapies. These research questions are answered using preclinical models, and multi-omics surveys of human maternal and neonatal immune responses.   Further Reading: - The Scientist: How some vaccines protect more than against their target https://www.the-scientist.com/features/how-some-vaccines-protect-against-more-than-their-targets-68059   - Science: Vaccination strategies to enhance immunity in neonates Tobias R. Kollmann et al. Vaccination strategies to enhance immunity in neonates.Science 368,612-615(2020).DOI:10.1126/science.aaz9447 Direct Iink: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6491/612.abstract  

In today’s episode, we take on a challenging and timely topic: public trust in health communication, especially when high-profile figures make statements that conflict with established scientific evidence. Recent comments from Robert F. Kennedy Jr., now serving as U.S. Health Secretary, have generated widespread public confusion, with reactions from British scientists, global health agencies, and clinicians offering sharply contrasting views. Dr Eliz Kilich and, Dr. Lydia Yarlott, unpack four of the most debated claims—carefully, calmly, and from a British medical perspective: “Thimerosal should be banned from ALL influenza vaccines to protect children and pregnant women.” We explore what thimerosal actually is, its current use in the UK, and what the evidence shows regarding safety and the confusion with methyl mecury and ethyl mercury. We discuss why RFK has focused on this chemical in particular.  “Paracetamol in pregnancy caused the autism epidemic.” We reflect on our latest dedicated episode and how risk is communicated to expectant parents. “COVID-19 vaccines are no longer recommended for healthy children and pregnant women.” We place this statement against the actual WHO recommendations, discuss how guidance evolves over time, and why differing national policies often have nothing to do with safety concerns. “VAERS and existing vaccine safety systems don’t work.” We examine how vaccine surveillance operates  Listen now, subscribe DM us @CocoonedHealth on Instagram  Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive. 

Ep 25. “No Longer Recommended?” The Politics, Science, And Stakes Of COVID19 Vaccination In Pregnancy In 2025.  Hosts Dr. Lydia Yarlott & Dr. Eliz Kilich are joined by Professor. Flor M. Muñoz — Associate Professor of Paediatrics, Infectious Diseases, and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital.  Her work has focused on the evaluation of vaccine safety and efficacy in special populations including pregnant women, children, and people with compromised immune systems, as well as the epidemiology and treatment of respiratory pathogens including COVID-19 and influenza In 2025, the U.S. government — under the Trump administration — made a striking policy reversal: COVID-19 vaccines are no longer recommended for healthy pregnant women or children. But what happens when political tides shift faster than science? In this episode of Cocooned Health, Dr. Lydia Yarlott and Dr. Eliz Kilich sit down with infectious disease expert Dr. Flor Muñoz to explore the real-world evidence behind this decision — and why maternal vaccination may still play a vital role in protecting newborns. We unpack: How mRNA vaccine particles and antibodies behave in pregnancy and breastmilk — and what studies reveal about newborn protection. Why COVID-19 in pregnancy, while rarer now, still poses serious risks for some mothers and infants. The philosophical and political forces shaping vaccine guidance in the U.S., from public trust to populist skepticism. How global health programs like Gavi and WHO are responding when America — once a vaccine leader — changes direction. And, most importantly: While no longer routinely offered, what’s the evidence that COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy may still bring benefits? Mercury derived thimerosal what is it for, and is it of concern? Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive. 

Ep 24. Paracetamol in Pregnancy: Panic or Proof? Expert Guest: Professor Dimitri Siassakos In this episode of Cocooned Health, Dr Eliz Kilich and Dr Lydia Yarlott are joined by Professor Dimitrios Siassakos, a leading researcher in maternal-fetal medicine at UCL, to unpack the controversy surrounding paracetamol (acetaminophen) use in pregnancy. A new review published in Environmental Health has reignited debate by examining possible associations between paracetamol use and conditions such as autism and ADHD in children. U.S. President Donald Trump claimed paracetamol “is no good” for pregnant persons, sparking widespread concern online. Together, we explore: discuss the recent controversies surrounding the use of paracetamol during pregnancy, particularly in light of claims made by political figures. They are joined by Professor Dimitrios Siassakos, who provides insights into the safety of paracetamol, the research surrounding its use, and the potential links to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and ADHD. The conversation emphasizes the importance of understanding causation versus correlation, the risks associated with untreated fever in pregnancy, and the need for moderation in medication use.  Paracetamol is considered safe for use in pregnancy. Recent claims about paracetamol causing autism are based on over-interpretations of studies. Fever in pregnancy poses significant risks that outweigh concerns about paracetamol. Find out what by listening.  Causation must be proven correctly; correlation does not imply causation. Genetic factors play a major role in the development of autism and ADHD. Moderation in medication use is crucial during pregnancy. The Swedish study provides strong evidence against the link between paracetamol and autism. Learn more by listening  Healthcare professionals should guide pregnant women on medication use. Pain management is important; women should not feel guilty for taking medication when needed. The narrative around paracetamol use in pregnancy needs to be clarified for public understanding +++ NOTE when using the term pregnant women, we also refer to inclusive of transgender who may also be pregnant and non binary individuals.  Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive. 

  Ep. 23. Pregnancy & Travel in Latin America: Mosquito Risks, Repellent Safety, and Vaccines with Dr. Laila Woc-Colburn Travel during pregnancy can be both exciting and daunting—especially in Latin America, where mosquito-borne infections and vaccine questions add extra layers of caution. Infectious-diseases specialist Dr. Laila Eugenia Woc-Colburn (Emory University) https://med.emory.edu/directory/profile/?u=LWOCCOL joins Cocooned Health to share the latest science and practical steps for staying safe. From Zika and dengue to repellents, vaccines, and coastal risks, we break down what every pregnant traveller and family should know. What we cover Mosquito-borne risks: Zika, dengue, chikungunya, and new findings from Brazil. Medications: Why there’s no pill for Zika/dengue/chikungunya, why malaria prophylaxis matters in Latin America and pregnancy-safe options.  Specific areas of risk. Repellent choices: DEET, picaridin, IR3535, and oil of lemon eucalyptus—what the evidence says, and how to use them safely in pregnancy. DEET safety: Decades of data show standard use is not linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Environmental protection: Clothing, permethrin, screens, and removing standing water. Yellow Fever and where it is located including now the cities... Vaccination safety in pregnancy when travelling Nutrition This episode is for general education only and isn’t medical advice. Risks and recommendations change by location and over time. Always check the latest official guidance and speak with your own clinician before travel or vaccination decisions. Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive. 

Episode 22: Do all fevers in kids need bringing down? Science, exceptions and the myths of fever in children.   It’s one of the most common worries for parents — and one of the most misunderstood. We discuss fever myths and more providing clarity and discussion In this episode of Cocooned Health, Dr Eliz Kilich & Dr Lydia Yarlott tackle the biggest fever myths in children: ❓ Do all fevers need treating? ❓ Will fevers keep rising to dangerous levels if left alone? ❓ Does getting lots of colds mean a weak immune system? ❓ Should you always give paracetamol after vaccines? ❓ When should you given paracetamol / ibuprofen to children. What age is it not OK? Can you switch between the two? As we discuss in the episode: Note children > 1 year can tolerate fevers much more than adults and thus the fever number itself becomes less concerning than other features. In adults the normal fever ranges tends to be 37.8 -39.4 (103°F) whereas in OLDER children (over one year) this is a little higher 38 - 39.8. Note this is not a hard and fast rule and the most important feature tends to be other symptoms. KEY EXCEPTIONS where the NUMBER MATTERS: 1. Children under or 3 months old - any fever needs URGENT same day medical review (>38°C (100.4°F)) 2. Children under or 6 months old > 39°C degrees 3. Fever > 5 days. Should be improving in 2-3 days or with fever medication  4. Seek medical attention in an adult > 39.4. This episode does not specifically describe fevers in adults and is limited to a discussion around fever in children. We unpack why other symptoms with fever tell you more than just the fever itself.  💡 We’ll unpack what’s fact, what’s fiction, and what really matters when your child spikes a temperature. 🎧 Subscribe so as not to miss a new episode  ✨ Don’t miss this myth-busting chat that could save you a lot of late-night worry! Listen Now. And DM us on Instagram any queries and feedback Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive. 

Ep 21. "My child has a fever - What do I do?" From Newborn to Teenager. Expert Guest: Dr Seilesh Kadambari   Today our episode is a crucial one for all parents - it is a focus on fever in children with a focus on how fever differs based on the AGE of your child - from newborn to teenager.  At Cocooned Health we often focus on the advice around vaccines, food and immune health, how to protect against common and rare, but serious, infections and today we dive into the commonly asked question - my child has a fever - what should I do? As co-hosts Dr Lydia Yarlott and Dr Eliz Kilich we have great privilege to welcome our special guest: Dr Seilesh Kadambari who is a consultant in paediatric infectious diseases and an Honorary Associate Professor at UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health known as GOSH. We will discuss today: understanding fever in children of different ages, the myths, when to seek medical attention, the science behind a fever with vaccinations along with insight into how specialists think about fever in your child and the evidence that supports it. 

Part 2: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) What is the evidence for screening all pregnant women with a swab?  One doctor would get the swab on the private system in the UK and another would not Listen Now. (June's Episode Re-released: Apologies we had a technical issue with this episode where it was unintentionally shortened in some apps - now resolved) Dr Lydia Yarlott and Dr Eliz Kilich discuss the two sides of the coin: To get the screening swab for Group B Streptococcus (GBS) or not. The discussion revolves around why different countries have different policies. GBS is a bacteria carries by around 1 in 4 people and can cause sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis in babies when a mother who carries the bacteria (as part of her normal microflora) inadvertently transfers it to baby during delivery of her baby. It is however rare. We follow up on the previous episode with Professor Kirsty Le Doare, an expert in GBS and a leader in running the trials that will hopefully lead to a GBS vaccine for the public in the future. Thus the discussion follows: 1. What are the benefits of the swab as part of screening and if your country of residence does not offer it as routine, would the hosts consider getting it. Spoiler - one would, one wouldn't 2. What are the risk of the bacteria to the baby and what is the actual numerical risk. How many babies need to be delivered to a mum who carries the bacteria for one of the babies to actually get the disease?  3. Are there any downsides to the antibiotics in labour for GBS given that there will be some people due to screening who get it that may not have needed it? If so is there actual proof? How to we weigh this up against the risk of severe illness to baby?  4. What was the evidence that led to some of the differing recommendations and why can't we do a study now.   References: Azad, M. B. et al. Impact of maternal intrapartum antibiotics, method of birth and breastfeeding on gut microbiota during the first year of life: a prospective cohort study. BJOG 123: 983-993. (2015) Corvaglia. et al. Influence of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for Group B Streptococcus on gut microbiota in the first month of life. JPGN 62: 304-308. (2016) Gensollen, et al. How colonization by microbiota in early life shapes the immune system. Science 352(6285): 539-543. (2016) Group B Streptococcus Incidence. Rates of GBS infection in Babies. Group B Strep Support Charity: https://gbss.org.uk/professional-resources/gbs-incidence/ Accessed June 2025 Le Doare, K. et al. Intrapartum antibiotic chemoprophylaxis policies for prevention of Group B Streptococcal disease worldwide: Systematic Review. Clin Infect Dis 65(S2): S143-S151. (2017) Matorras et al.  Maternal colonization by group B streptococci and puerperal infection; analysis of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 38(3): 203-207. (1991) Mazzola et al. Early gut microbiota perturbations following intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent group B streptococcal disease. PLoS ONE 11(6): e015727. (2016) Nanduri et al. Epidemiology of invasive early-onset and late-onset group B streptococcal disease in the United States, 2006 to 2015: Multistate laboratory and population-based surveillance. JAMA Pediatr 173(3): 224-233. (2019) Ohlsson, A et al. Intrapartum antibiotics for known maternal group B streptococcal colonization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1: CD007467. (2013) Puopolo, K. M. et al. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Fetus and Newborn, Committee on Infectious Diseases et al. Management of infants at risk for Group B Streptococcal disease. Pediatrics 144 (2): e20191881. (2019) Van Dyke, M. K. et al. Evaluation of universal antenatal screening for group B streptococcus. N Engl J Med 360(25): 2626-2636. (2009) Whilst no information is perfect, it changes, we have done our best to bring together information to the best of our knowledge. It is always important to discuss anything we talk about with your own healthcare provider. This is not direct personal medical advice as you are not our patients however, we want to give the public the information we already have, so you are more informed to make your own choices.

The Swab That Saved Their Baby - Talking about Group B Streptococcus, global screening programs differences and what options there are for pregnant women  Welcome to Cocooned Health, the podcast where we discuss infections in pregnancy and newborns and beyond. Not only do we discuss the advice given, but talk about the reasons why such guidance exists. We help to answer questions the public have on these topics. Today, we are thrilled to be joined by Professor Kirsty Le Doare, a distinguished clinician-scientist specializing in paediatric infectious diseases. This episode will focus on the important vaginal swab or urine test results that is received for many before giving birth and the bug it is related to Group B Streptococcus. Professor Le Doare joined St George’s, University of London (SGUL) in 2018, transitioning from Imperial College London, and brings a wealth of experience from her work in the UK, the Gambia, Uganda and South Africa. Currently holding a Chair in Vaccinology and Immunology, Professor Le Doare is a Principal Scientist at Makerere University in Uganda. There, she leads groundbreaking research, including the development of maternal vaccine platforms and the surveillance of pregnancy outcomes in a large urban cohort. Her research focuses on age-related immune responses to infectious diseases in pregnant women and their babies, with a particular interest in how maternal antibodies in blood and breast milk protect newborns and how vaccination can enhance this natural defence. Professor Le Doare’s work is shaping the future of maternal and neonatal health, with her team conducting clinical trials of investigative vaccines globally. She also holds a dual appointment with Public Health England as a Principal Scientist within the Pathogen Immunity Group at Porton Down. She is currently working as a consultant at the WHO on Group B Streptococcal vaccines. Join us as we dive into her remarkable career, her cutting-edge research, and the global impact of her work in maternal and infant health. We will pay particular attention to one of her special interests GBS or Group B Streptococcus. Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive.   

Whats the impact of a western diet in pregnancy on child development? Expert Guests: Professor Morten Arendt Rasmussen and Dr David Horner It is unclear what the impact of a western diet is like on the unborn child. Now, a large observational clinical study from the University of Copenhagen and the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood at the Danish Paediatric Asthma Centre, Herlow and Gentofte Hospital, find a relationship between maternal diet during pregnancy and the presence of ADHD and autism in children. The more of a Western diet a woman has in pregnancy - e.g. high in fat, sugar, processed products while lower in fish, fresh vegetables, and fruit—the greater the risk appears to be for her child developing ADHD or autism. Today we are joined by Professor Morten Arendt Rasmussen and Dr David Horner University of Copenhagen who led on this research to tell us what this means for pregnant women. Thank you do being with us today Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive.   

Ep 17. Should I get the new RSV vaccine in pregnancy? When, and why?   RSV. Talking About Health Optimisation Part 2 -  How to protect against a disease that affects 90% of children under the age of 2 years.  Around 90% of children are infected with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) by 2 years old. This episode discusses health consciousness and the desire to protect oneself. Discussions revolve around prevention medicine and how that coincides with other healthy lifestyle choices like organic food, exercise and mindfulness. We discuss how to balance the rare side effects with health optimisation. In this episode Dr Lydia Yarlott and Dr Eliz Kilich talk about how to balance the benefits and risks when thinking about vaccines.  Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive. 

Episode 16: Pregnancy RSV Vaccine Update. Expert Guest: Professor Paul Heath.  Join us for an update on the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine given during pregnancy. Hear what the latest evidence is. This vaccine protects babies against a common cause of bronchiolitis which can be severe in newborns. The UK has made a decision to prevent against RSV with Abrysvo™, the maternal vaccine, manufactured by Pfizer. Previously the UK had been considering the use of Nirsevimab instead. This is an RSV monoclonal antibody for newborns (Beyfortus™, manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur). Both the vaccine and the antibody were recommended as safe and effective options in 2023 by the JCVI. After a cost-effectiveness analysis and financial tender by the Department of Health, a decision was made to move to Abrysvo™. The maternal vaccine success was revealed following a study involving over 7000 pregnant women, published in early 2023, the MATISSE trial. They showed that the Abrysvo™ maternal vaccine is highly effective at preventing severe infection in babies up to 180 days after birth. Vaccination is approved from 28 weeks of pregnancy in the UK. At the same time, the MELODY and HARMONIE trials showed the monoclonal antibody for babies Beyfortus™, currently unavailable in the UK, also effectively prevents RSV for up to 6 months after administration. This vaccine can be given to all babies anytime from birth.  We now we hear about what the evidence is now that the UK has been giving the vaccine since September 2024.Tune in now.  Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive. 

Episode 15: Debrief: Cravings and Places: when your pregnancy craving lead you astray  Dr Eliz Kilich and Dr Lydia Yarlott. In this follow-up to our insightful discussion with Dr. Matthew Gilmour in "Ep 14: Brie-ing Safe in Pregnancy – Christmas Special!", we delve deeper into the nuances of food safety during pregnancy.We summarise the main points in a shorter recap and highlight some of the areas that need further explanation. For instance here we talk about Listeria's rarity, the outbreaks, the food industry's role in protecting pregnant women, and practicalities. This episode offers practical advice on identifying actual risks, understanding potential consequences of consuming high-risk foods, and recognising the most hazardous items to avoid.We also examine the significant 2019 listeriosis outbreak in UK hospitals linked to pre-packaged sandwiches. Our discussion covers the events, the subsequent investigation by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), and the lessons learned to enhance food safety protocols.assets.publishing.service.gov.uk Resources:UKHSA's report on the 2019 listeriosis outbreak: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5fbd0f898fa8f559e9ea363e/2019-05-Listeria-CC8-Outbreak-Report.pdf Tune in to gain valuable insights and join our debate on this critical topic. Please remember this is not direct medical advice, sharing knowledge and thoughts. Please do contact your own healthcare professional if seeking personal medical advice Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive. 

Ep 14. Brie-ing Safe In Pregnancy. Christmas Special Episode - Food Safety While Pregnant. Expert Guest: Dr Matthew Gilmour Wanted a bit more dialogue on trying to understand the food list of what to and what not to eat during pregnancy? In this episode of Cocooned Health, hosts Dr Eliz Kilich and Dr Lydia Yarlott unravel the complexity of avoiding infections in pregnancy with a special focus on food safety. This one is particularly important for little bubba. They take a deep dive into one of the most talked-about topics among expectant parents—cheese! But more surprisingly, beyond cheese!  What You'll Learn: Is it really dangerous to indulge in soft cheeses like brie, camembert, or stilton during pregnancy? What is Listeria monocytogenes, and why does it make certain foods risky?  What are those particularly risky foods? smoked salmon? ice cream? What are the actual risks, and how can you protect yourself and your baby Practical advice Special Guest: Dr. Matthew Gilmour, a global expert in foodborne pathogens, joins the conversation.Matthew is Co-director of the UK Food Safety Research Network and is a Group Leader in the ‘Microbes in the Food Chain’ programme at the Quadram Institute Bioscience and the University of East Anglia in Norwich, England.The UK Food Safety Research Network is hosted by the Quadram Institute and Dr Gilmour leads the Listeria research at the Quadram Institute. (Find out more here: https://quadram.ac.uk/). His experience as Co-Director of the UK Food Safety Research Network and former Scientific Director General of Canada’s National Microbiology Laboratory, Tune in to hear science-backed insights and actionable advice that will help mums, dads, and mums-to-be navigate the dairy dilemma with confidence! Don't miss this episode—it’s about so much more than just cheese!Check out our new episodes monthly. 🎧 Cocooned Health Podcast: Brie-ing Safe During Pregnancy Follow on Instagram:#cocoonedhealth

Ep 13. The DEBRIEF: Microbiome Baby & Me: This is a debrief episode discussing some of the topics brought up in episode 12 with Expert guest Dr Lindsay Hall. This includes probiotics in pregnancy and for newborns. The impact of breastfeeding. And the impact of C Section versus vaginal delivery on the microbiome of baby. Dr Eliz Kilich and Dr Lydia Yarlott give extra thoughts on the subject and what the evidence might mean for mums & bubs.

Ep12. Is it worth taking probiotics during pregnancy & are probiotics good for baby? Gut health against infection. Expert Guest: Professor Linsday Hall Today we will be talking about the gut health of mum and baby and what the implications are for later life. This is quite a new area of research and so we are deeply privileged to have our special guest today expert Professor Lindsay Hall who is Chair of Microbiome Research at the University of Birmingham, who has really been one of the leaders in helping to get answers on this topic.  Her work explored how "friendly bacteria" like Bifidobacterium coincides with laying the foundation for baby's future health and vitality. She is Group Leader at Quadram since 2015. The Quadram Institute brings together researchers, academics and NHS clinicians to address global challenges in human health, food and disease. Today we will touch on topics such as  What the microbiome is and why it's interesting in pregnancy and for babies the evidence for probiotics in pregnancy Gut health of the baby after C Section versus vaginal delivery The impact of breastfeeding  We will also explore with Professor Hall, why from a scientific perspective it is quite challenging to research these questions.  It’s important to note that the views we’ve expressed here are our own, and don’t represent those of any institution or other affiliated party and do not constitute medical advice. If you are looking for medical advice, please, as always, contact your own healthcare professional.  Please leave feedback via Instagram @Cocooned Health: And don't forget to subscribe Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive. 

Ep11.  Chickenpox Vaccine - Juggling Vaccine Timings and Life -  Expert Guest: Professor Adam Finn Chickenpox vaccines for babies: Can you get them on the NHS or state provided services? Or only via private healthcare? Why if so? Dr Lydia Yarlott and cohost Dr Eliz Kilich is joined by special guest Professor Adam Finn, who is a Professor of Paediatrics at the Universtiy of Bristol in the UK. We talk about Chickenpox vaccines for babies, their timings, different schedules across the world and why it is important. Professors Finn's research interests include immunity to bacterial respiratory illnesses. He is also a senior clinician in the paediatric immunology and infectious diseases service at Bristol Royal Hospital for Children and the South West region and heads the Bristol Vaccine Centre. In addition, he was Chairman of the WHO European Technical Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization from 2011 to 2022. He has spent ten years as ex officio member of the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts, Member of the UK Department of Health Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation from 2014-2024). He also spent 4 years during 2015-2019 as President of the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases. Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive. 

Episode 10: Ever wondered how we know the Flu vaccine is safe specifically in pregnancy? Expert Guest: Professor Paul Heath This episodes focuses on the safety of the Influenza vaccine in pregnancy and infants. Exploring the evidence for safety and the history behind vaccination safety. We hope to give mums-to-be clear advice and understanding on this topic.  Paul Heath is a Professor and Honorary Consultant in Paediatric Infectious Diseases at St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and St George’s, University of London, where he is the Director of the Vaccine Institute. His training in paediatrics and infectious diseases was at the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; and St George’s Hospital, London. His research interests are in the epidemiology of vaccine preventable diseases, in clinical vaccine trials, particularly in at-risk groups and in perinatal infections. He coordinates the UK Paediatric Vaccine Group (UKPVG), is a member of the JCVI, is the NIHR Speciality Lead for Children’s research for South London and is co-Chair of the UK Infectious Diseases Vaccine Research Forum. Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive. 

Ep9. Vax & Relax: Flu Protection for Mums-to-be & babies. Expert Guest: Professor Paul Heath Paul Heath is a Professor and Honorary Consultant in Paediatric Infectious Diseases at St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and St George’s, University of London, where he is the Director of the Vaccine Institute. His training in paediatrics and infectious diseases was at the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; and St George’s Hospital, London. His research interests are in the epidemiology of vaccine preventable diseases, in clinical vaccine trials, particularly in at-risk groups and in perinatal infections. He coordinates the UK Paediatric Vaccine Group (UKPVG), is a member of the JCVI, is the NIHR Speciality Lead for Children’s research for South London and is co-Chair of the UK Infectious Diseases Vaccine Research Forum. This episodes focuses on the vaccine benefits of the Influenza vaccine in pregnancy and infants. Exploring the reasons to vaccinate, the history behind vaccination and the effectiveness levels, we hope to give mums-to-be clear advice and understanding on this topic. The episode will touch on the best time to get the Influenza vaccine in pregnancy and what the different types of flu vaccines are and why they differ for different groups of people (children, pregnancy and the elderly). Join us for the next episode on Flu Vaccine safety next time ... Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive. 

Ep8. Should you get your child their second dose of MMR at 18 months? Measles outbreaks and the MMR vaccine. Expert Guest: Professor Sir Andrew Pollard In this episode we are joined by Professor Sir Andrew Pollard. Sir Andrew is Director of the Oxford Vaccine Group in the Department of Paediatrics at the University of Oxford and a consultant paediatrician at Oxford Children’s Hospital and Fellow of St Cross College. He received a knighthood in the Queen’s Birthday Honours in 2021 for services to Public Health, especially in the pandemic, and received the Order of Medical Merit (Grande Official) from the Federal Republic of Brazil in 2022 and is Commander of the Order of Rio Branco. We discuss the risks of measles, why there are ongoing outbreaks. We also discuss how the myths came about regarding the vaccine and what the evidence is that disproves the myths. We also discuss common and rare risks of the vaccine and their important benefits. Importantly we discuss changes to the UK vaccine schedule and what to expect if you are a parent of a child weighing up these decisions. Whilst no information is perfect, it changes, we have done our best to bring together information to the best of our knowledge. Information is always subject to change. The views here are our own and do not represent that of any institution or affiliated body although we do discuss public health guidance in general. It is always important to discuss anything we talk about with your own healthcare provider. This is not direct personal medical advice as you are not our patients however, we want to give the public the information we already have, so you are more informed to make your own choices. Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive.   

Episode 7. The Surprise Truths & Myths About Fertility, Menstruation, the Placenta and COVID-19. Expert Guest: Dr Viki Male In this episode we discuss how the myths around fertility and the vaccine came about. We discuss how COVID19 infection impacts fertility and whether it is long lasting. We give our listeners understanding about the placenta and therefore how immunity is given to a baby in utero. We also explore how the baby's placenta is actually instrumental in protecting it against infections.  Whilst no information is perfect, it changes, we have done our best to bring together information to the best of our knowledge. Information is always subject to change. The views here are our own and do not represent that of any institution or affiliated body although we do discuss public health guidance in general. It is always important to discuss anything we talk about with your own healthcare provider. This is not direct personal medical advice as you are not our patients however, we want to give the public the information we already have, so you are more informed to make your own choices. Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive. 

Episode 6. RSV Ready: New Mumma Vaccine and Antibody Breakthroughs. Expert Guest: Professor Paul Heath Paul Heath is a Professor and Honorary Consultant in Paediatric Infectious Diseases at St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and St George’s, University of London, where he is the Director of the Vaccine Institute. His research interests include the epidemiology of vaccine preventable diseases, and clinical vaccine trials, particularly in at-risk groups and in perinatal infections. He coordinates the UK Paediatric Vaccine Group (UKPVG), is a member of the JCVI, is the NIHR Speciality Lead for Children’s research for South London CRN and is co-Chair of the UK Infectious Diseases Vaccine Research Forum. This episode gives insight into the new and exciting respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine offered routinely in pregnancy in the USA . The vaccine is also potentially coming to the UK in 2024 .RSV causes bronchiolitis and is a common cause for babies to get unwell in the first months of life. We explore the BRAND NEW and different and RSV Protection Pathways:The Prenatal Vaccine vs. Newborn Antibody Strategies. We discuss the evidence, the effectiveness and safety of the vaccines and other strategies (monoclonal antibodies) Exploring the Options: RSV Vaccine in Pregnancy: A newly licensed vaccine tailored to shield babies from RSV, administered during pregnancy. Palivizumab: A monoclonal antibody treatment given to infants and children at high risk for severe RSV disease. Unlike a vaccine, it's a passive immunisation, directly providing the antibody. Nirsevimab: Another monoclonal antibody for RSV prevention in infants, offering extended protection with less frequent injections compared to Palivizumab, available for all infants, regardless of risk. Featuring Expert Insights from Professor Paul Heath. Episode References  The clinical trial which showed the effectiveness and safety of the RSV vaccine in pregnancy. Kampmann, Beate et al. “Bivalent Prefusion F Vaccine in Pregnancy to Prevent RSV Illness in Infants.” The New England journal of medicine vol. 388,16 (2023): 1451-1464. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa221648 The new neonatal antibody treatment: Drysdale, Simon B et al. “Nirsevimab for Prevention of Hospitalizations Due to RSV in Infants.” The New England journal of medicine vol. 389,26 (2023): 2425-2435. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2309189 Medscape article talking about the different brands of vaccines against RSV and their trial data. The reason for the timing of the vaccine given in the last trimester to reduce the risk of prematurity https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/risk-preterm-birth-stops-maternal-rsv-vaccine-trial-2024a10004rk?form=fpf 🎤 We generate podcast episodes with expert guest speakers to discuss the latest evidence, to help you understand the public health guidance, and what things you can do to make this period as protected/ cocooned as possible.🎤 Whilst no information is perfect, it changes, we have done our best to bring together information to the best of our knowledge. It is always important to discuss anything we talk about with your own healthcare provider. This is not direct personal medical advice as you are not our patients however, we want to give the public the information we already have, so you are more informed to make your own choices.   Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive.   

Ep5. Sharing food with toddlers during pregnancy? What’s the risk when pregnant?  The CMV Episode.   Expert Guest: Professor Hermione Lyall In Episode 5, we dive into a question many expectant parents ask but rarely get a clear answer to: Is it safe to share food, cups, or utensils with a toddler when you’re pregnant? To help us untangle the science from the stress, we’re joined by Professor Hermione Lyall, Consultant in Paediatric Infectious Diseases and one of the UK’s leading experts on congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV). CMV is common, usually mild, and often misunderstood. But during pregnancy, it can pose risks to the developing baby, making everyday interactions with young children (who are the most frequent carriers) an important but sensitive topic. In this episode, we explore: What CMV actually is and why it matters particularly in pregnancy Why toddlers are the main source of CMV exposure and how transmission happens What the real risks are when pregnant people share food, drinks, dummies, or cutlery with young children Which practical steps genuinely reduce risk—without creating fear, guilt, or unrealistic rules for families What current evidence and UK guidelines say, and what’s still uncertain How to balance normal family life with sensible infection-prevention habits Professor Lyall brings clarity, nuance, and empathy to a topic that often leaves people anxious or confused. Whether you’re pregnant, planning a pregnancy, or supporting someone who is, this episode offers grounded, compassionate guidance to help you make informed decisions while living everyday life with little ones.   Whilst no information is perfect, it changes, we have done our best to bring together information to the best of our knowledge. Information is always subject to change. The views here are our own and do not represent that of any institution or affiliated body although we do discuss public health guidance in general. It is always important to discuss anything we talk about with your own healthcare provider. This is not direct personal medical advice as you are not our patients however, we want to give the public the information we already have, so you are more informed to make your own choices. Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive.   

Episode 4: A vaccine given to mum but for bub - Whooping Cough: The Pertussis Prevention Prescription. Expert Guest: Professor Adam Finn Dr Lydia Yarlott & co-host Dr Eliz Kilich, is joined by our special guest  Professor Adam Finn, who is a Professor of Paediatrics at the University of Bristol, in the UK. His research interests include immunity to bacterial respiratory illnesses. He is also a senior clinician in the paediatric immunology and infectious diseases service at Bristol Royal Hospital for Children and the South West region and heads the Bristol Vaccine Centre.  In addition, he was Chairman of the WHO European Technical Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization from 2011 to 2022. He has spent ten years as ex officio member of the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts, Member of the UK Department of Health Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation from 2014-2024). He also spent 4 years during 2015-2019 as President of the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases. Also check out Professor Adam Finn's TED talk below:Tinyurl.com/afinnwhoop References:  Amirthalingam, Gayatri et al. “Effectiveness of maternal pertussis vaccination in England: an observational study.” Lancet (London, England) vol. 384,9953 (2014): 1521-8. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60686-3 D'Heilly C, Switzer C, Macina D. Safety of Maternal Immunization Against Pertussis: A Systematic Review. Infect Dis Ther. 2019 Dec;8(4):543-568. doi: 10.1007/s40121-019-00265-6. Epub 2019 Sep 17. PMID: 31531826; PMCID: PMC6856234. Briga, M., Goult, E., Brett, T.S. et al. Maternal pertussis immunization and the blunting of routine vaccine effectiveness: a meta-analysis and modeling study. Nat Commun 15, 921 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-44943-7 Abu-Raya B, Forsyth K, Halperin SA, Maertens K, Jones CE, Heininger U, Hozbor D, Wirsing von König CH, Chitkara AJ, Muloiwa R, Tan TQ. Vaccination in Pregnancy against Pertussis: A Consensus Statement on Behalf of the Global Pertussis Initiative. Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Nov 23;10(12):1990. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10121990. PMID: 36560400; PMCID: PMC9786323. Aim of the Podcast What is Whooping cough / the bug that causes it - Bordetella pertussis? Why is the pertussis vaccination and what are the recommendations for it in pregnancy and in childhood? The safety data for the vaccines Why the whooping cough/ pertussis vaccine is repeated in infancy after maternal vaccination and the benefits of this approach?  To talk about newer vaccines that are being developed Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive. 

Episode 3:Expectation Check: COVID Vaccine Safety in Pregnancy. Expert Guest: Dr Manish Sadarangani Have you wanted more details about the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines? https://canvas-network.ca/covid-study/ McClymont E, Albert AY, Alton GD, et al. Association of SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy With Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes. JAMA. 2022;327(20):1983–1991. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.5906 Velez MP, Fell DB, Shellenberger JP, Kwong JC, Ray JG. Miscarriage after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: A population-based cohort study. BJOG. 2023 Nov 16. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.17721. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37973606.  Jorgensen SCJ, Drover SSM, Fell DB, Austin PC, D'Souza R, Guttmann A, Buchan SA, Wilson SE, Nasreen S, Schwartz KL, Tadrous M, Wilson K, Kwong JC. Newborn and Early Infant Outcomes Following Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination During Pregnancy. JAMA Pediatr. 2023 Dec 1;177(12):1314-1323. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.4499. PMID: 37870875; PMCID: PMC10594175. Jorgensen SCJ, Hernandez A, Fell DB, Austin PC, D'Souza R, Guttmann A, Brown KA, Buchan SA, Gubbay JB, Nasreen S, Schwartz KL, Tadrous M, Wilson K, Kwong JC; Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) Provincial Collaborative Network (PCN) Investigators. Maternal mRNA covid-19 vaccination during pregnancy and delta or omicron infection or hospital admission in infants: test negative design study. BMJ. 2023 Feb 8;380:e074035. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-074035. PMID: 36754426; PMCID: PMC9903336. Matsuo K, Green JM, Herrman SA, Mandelbaum RS, Ouzounian JG. Severe Maternal Morbidity and Mortality of Pregnant Patients With COVID-19 Infection During the Early Pandemic Period in the US. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(4):e237149. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.7149 Villar, et al. Maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality Among pregnant women With and without COVID-19 infection The INTERCOVID multinational cohort study. JAMA Pediatr. 2021;175: 817–826    Disclaimer: We discuss the available evidence and aim to keep our listeners as informed as possible. Please review our disclaimer and note that this is not personal medical advice, as we are not your doctors. However, we aim to inform to the best of our ability but as always still consult your own healthcare professional going forward. We do not accept liability for personal decisions made on behalf of the podcast.  This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive. 

We discuss the available evidence and aim to keep our listeners as informed as possible. Please review our disclaimer and note that this is not personal medical advice, as we are not your doctors. However, we aim to inform to the best of our ability but as always still consult your own healthcare professional going forward. We do not accept liability for personal decisions made on behalf of the podcast.  Disclaimer: Remember we are sharing our opinions and medical knowledge, and not associated with our affiliations. Note that knowledge evolves over time. Note that this is not direct medical advice as we are not your personal doctors however feel free to share any ideas expressed with your own healthcare professional as needed. This episode is unsponsored and received no financial incentive. 

Welcome to Cocooned, part of CocoonedHealth podcasts. This is your podcast on infections and immune protection for the whole family. Whilst starting as a podcast focusing on the pregnancy and newborn period we have expanded to the whole family. We are: Dr Eliz Kilich 👩‍⚕️ Infectious Diseases ST4, UK & Dr Lydia Yarlott 👩‍⚕️ST4, UK 🎤 NB: This is not direct personal medical advice but we hope to elaborate on the most up to date science backing and understanding recommendations in detail.