PODCAST · technology
Linear Digressions
by Ben Jaffe and Katie Malone
Podcast by Ben Jaffe and Katie Malone
Episodes
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Back in Two Weeks
Back in Two Weeks by Katie Malone
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Mechanistic Interpretability: How Researchers Try To See Inside Models
As AI systems grow more powerful, they grow harder to understand — and that tradeoff has never mattered more. Most interpretability tricks give us approximations from the outside, but mechanistic interpretability takes a different approach: cracking open the model itself to trace *why* it behaves...
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LLM As A Judge
Labeled data is expensive, slow, and painfully hard to come by — and when you're trying to evaluate whether an AI workflow is actually doing what you want, the problem gets even messier. How do you judge whether a chatbot response was helpful, honest, or hallucination-free at scale? This episode...
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The Impact of AI on Podcasting (Harvard Data Science Review Cross-Post)
Originally aired on the Harvard Data Science Review podcast. What can podcasting teach us about AI — and what can AI teach us about the future of podcasting? Katie Malone (that's our host) joins Jon Krohn of SuperDataScience for a conversation with Harvard Data Science Review editor-in-chief...
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Better Know A Benchmark: ExploitGym
When OpenAI's frontier models were caught hacking Hugging Face's servers, most people assumed they were hunting for answer keys. The real story is stranger and more unsettling. Katie and Phoebe unpack ExploitGym — the cybersecurity benchmark at the center of the incident — and why agents are…
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Constitutional AI
How do you teach a model the difference between helpful and harmful when it has no inherent sense of either? This episode dives into Constitutional AI, Anthropic's framework for training AI systems to be both useful and safe by giving them an explicit set of principles to reason from. It's a...
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A Data-Driven Reality Check on AI in Business (Interview with Tom Davenport, Babson College)
Tom Davenport — the man who called data science "the sexiest job of the 21st century" — is back with a reality check on AI. As one of the most seasoned observers of how businesses actually adopt transformative technology, Davenport brings a rare, well-calibrated perspective to the AI hype cycle.…
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Understanding AI Text Watermarking
Anthropic just announced they're baking invisible watermarks directly into Claude's generated text — and while everyone else was busy having opinions about it, we were busy asking the more interesting question: how does it actually work? Turns out it's not hidden Unicode characters or…
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Better Know a Benchmark: Humanity's Last Exam
Humanity's Last Exam was designed with a bold premise: questions that human experts can answer, but AI models can't. Originally dubbed "Humanity's Last Stand," this benchmark is a massive academic collaboration — hundreds of contributors, thousands of fiendishly hard questions spanning a wild…
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A Scientific Deep Dive into Overconfident LLMs: Interview with Kaitlyn Zhou (Cornell)
When a language model tells you it's absolutely certain, is it actually more likely to be right? Kaitlyn Zhou's research says: not necessarily — sometimes confident phrasing correlates with *worse* accuracy, echoing a very human Dunning-Kruger effect. In this conversation, Kaitlyn (soon an...
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Reasoning Models: When LLMs Went Beyond Fancy Autocomplete
Reasoning models don't just answer your question — they *think out loud* first. In this episode we dig into the class of AI models that generate intermediate chains of thought before arriving at a final answer, exploring how the internal reasoning process works. Are these models genuinely...
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Distillation, or, How to Steal a Model
This week we’re covering model distillation: the technique of using a large "teacher" model's outputs to train a smaller, cheaper "student" model that mimics it. They cover the two big reasons labs do this — making lighter, faster, more focused models for specific tasks, and the more contentious...
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Invisible LLM Failures and AI Fluency with Chris Potts (Stanford)
What happens when a Stanford linguistics professor turns his attention to AI chatbots — and the surprisingly invisible ways humans misunderstand them? Chris Potts joins the show to unpack the hidden failure modes in how we interact with AI, what it really means to become a more fluent user, and…
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Still summer break: back next week
Still summer break: back next week by Katie Malone
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Summer break: back soon
Summer break: back soon by Katie Malone
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Interviewing the Linear Digressions Agents (The Agents Season, Episode 11)
After a five-year hiatus, the podcast that burned out partly over the tedium of writing episode descriptions is back — and using AI agents to handle exactly that task. The season-11 finale turns the lens on the podcast itself, putting the AI agents built throughout the season to work on real...
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Agent Economics (The Agents Season, Episode 10)
What if building more highways made your commute *slower*? That's the paradox at the heart of AI agent economics: even as per-token inference costs have plummeted dramatically over the past two years, total LLM spending keeps climbing. Drawing on a surprising lesson from Robert Moses's…
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Agent Trust, Oversight and Control (The Agents Season, Episode 9)
Capabilities get all the attention when it comes to AI agents — but what happens when a highly capable agent makes a bad decision in the real world? Trust, oversight, and control are the unglamorous but critically important flip side of the agentic AI story. This episode digs into the security...
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Memory Management for AI Agents (The Agents Season, Episode 4)
Context windows are powerful — but finite, and surprisingly easy to overwhelm. When an AI agent is tackling a long, complex task, the information it needs has to fit inside that limited real estate, and research shows that anything buried in the middle tends to quietly disappear. So how do you...
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Lost in the Middle (The Agents Season, Episode 3)
Just like a memorable talk lives or dies by its opening and closing, LLMs have a surprisingly similar quirk: they pay close attention to what's at the beginning and end of their context window — and kind of zone out in the middle. This "lost in the middle" phenomenon has real consequences for...
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What's an AI Agent? And Why's That Hard to Define? (The Agents Season, Episode 1)
AI agents are having a moment — and unpacking them properly takes more than a single conversation. This episode kicks off a dedicated multi-part season exploring AI agents from every angle, building up a complete picture piece by piece rather than skimming the surface. Think of it as a structured...
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Unfaithful Chain of Thought
What's actually happening when an LLM "thinks out loud"? Research on human decision-making suggests that much of the reasoning we believe drives our choices is actually post hoc rationalization — we decide first, explain later. Katie and Ben get curious about whether the same might be true for...
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Benchmark Bank Heist
What if an AI decided the smartest way to pass its test was to find the answer key? That's exactly what Anthropic's Claude Opus did when faced with a benchmark evaluation — reasoning that it was being tested, tracking down the encrypted eval dataset, decrypting it, and returning the answer it…
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Benchmarking AI Models
How do you know if a new AI model is actually better than the last one? It turns out answering that question is a lot messier than it sounds. This week we dig into the world of LLM benchmarks — the standardized tests used to compare models — exploring two canonical examples: MMLU, a…
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The Hot Mess of AI (Mis-)Alignment
The paperclip maximizer — the classic AI doom scenario where a hyper-competent machine single-mindedly converts the universe into office supplies — might not be the AI risk we should actually lose sleep over. New research from Anthropic's AI safety division suggests misaligned AI looks less like…
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The Bitter Lesson
Every AI builder knows the anxiety: you spend months engineering prompts, tuning pipelines, and chaining calls together — then a new model drops and half your work evaporates overnight. It turns out researchers have been wrestling with this exact dynamic for 30 years, and they keep arriving at…
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From Atari to ChatGPT: How AI Learned to Follow Instructions
From Atari to ChatGPT: How AI Learned to Follow Instructions by Katie Malone
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It's RAG time: Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Today we are going to talk about the feature with the worst acronym in generative AI: RAG, or Retrieval Augmented Generation. If you've ever used something like "Chat with My Docs," if you have an internal AI chatbot that has access to your company's documents, or you've created one yourself on...
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Chasing Away Repetitive LLM Responses with Verbalized Sampling
One of the things that LLMs can be really helpful with is brainstorming or generating new creative content. They are called Generative AI, after all—not just for summarization and question-and-answer tasks. But if you use LLMs for creative generation, you may find that their output starts to seem...
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We're Back
It's been (*checks watch*) about five and a half years since we last talked. Fortunately nothing much has happened in the AI/data science world in that time. So let's just pick up where we left off, shall we?
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A Key Concept in AI Alignment: Deep Reinforcement Learning from Human Preferences
Modern AI chatbots have a few different things that go into creating them. Today we're going to talk about a really important part of the process: the alignment training, where the chatbot goes from being just a pre-trained model—something that's kind of a fancy autocomplete—to something that...
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The Impact of Generative AI on Critical Thinking
I use LLMs a lot. I use them in my work, I use them in my personal life, and sometimes I use them to help me with stuff that I already know how to do. I’m working on something and I just want to make it a little bit easier, and it does make it easier for sure. But something that I worry about...
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So long, and thanks for all the fish
All good things must come to an end, including this podcast. This is the last episode we plan to release, and it doesn’t cover data science—it’s mostly reminiscing, thanking our wonderful audience (that’s you!), and marveling at how this thing that started out as a side project grew into a huge...
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A Reality Check on AI-Driven Medical Assistants
The data science and artificial intelligence community has made amazing strides in the past few years to algorithmically automate portions of the healthcare process. This episode looks at two computer vision algorithms, one that diagnoses diabetic retinopathy and another that classifies liver...
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A Data Science Take on Open Policing Data
A few weeks ago, we put out a call for data scientists interested in issues of race and racism, or people studying how those topics can be studied with data science methods, should get in touch to come talk to our audience about their work. This week we’re excited to bring on Todd Hendricks, Bay...
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Procella: YouTube's super-system for analytics data storage
This is a re-release of an episode that originally ran in October 2019. If you’re trying to manage a project that serves up analytics data for a few very distinct uses, you’d be wise to consider having custom solutions for each use case that are optimized for the needs and constraints of that use...
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The Data Science Open Source Ecosystem
Open source software is ubiquitous throughout data science, and enables the work of nearly every data scientist in some way or another. Open source projects, however, are disproportionately maintained by a small number of individuals, some of whom are institutionally supported, but many of whom…
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Rock the ROC Curve
This is a re-release of an episode that first ran on January 29, 2017. This week: everybody's favorite WWII-era classifier metric! But it's not just for winning wars, it's a fantastic go-to metric for all your classifier quality needs.
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Criminology and Data Science
This episode features Zach Drake, a working data scientist and PhD candidate in the Criminology, Law and Society program at George Mason University. Zach specializes in bringing data science methods to studies of criminal behavior, and got in touch after our last episode (about racially…
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Racism, the criminal justice system, and data science
As protests sweep across the United States in the wake of the killing of George Floyd by a Minneapolis police officer, we take a moment to dig into one of the ways that data science perpetuates and amplifies racism in the American criminal justice system. COMPAS is an algorithm that claims to…
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An interstitial word from Ben
A message from Ben around algorithmic bias, and how our models are sometimes reflections of ourselves.
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Convolutional Neural Networks
This is a re-release of an episode that originally aired on April 1, 2018 If you've done image recognition or computer vision tasks with a neural network, you've probably used a convolutional neural net. This episode is all about the architecture and implementation details of convolutional...
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Stein's Paradox
This is a re-release of an episode that was originally released on February 26, 2017. When you're estimating something about some object that's a member of a larger group of similar objects (say, the batting average of a baseball player, who belongs to a baseball team), how should you estimate…
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Protecting Individual-Level Census Data with Differential Privacy
The power of finely-grained, individual-level data comes with a drawback: it compromises the privacy of potentially anyone and everyone in the dataset. Even for de-identified datasets, there can be ways to re-identify the records or otherwise figure out sensitive personal information. That…
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Causal Trees
What do you get when you combine the causal inference needs of econometrics with the data-driven methodology of machine learning? Usually these two don’t go well together (deriving causal conclusions from naive data methods leads to biased answers) but economists Susan Athey and Guido Imbens are…
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The Grammar Of Graphics
You may not realize it consciously, but beautiful visualizations have rules. The rules are often implict and manifest themselves as expectations about how the data is summarized, presented, and annotated so you can quickly extract the information in the underlying data using just visual cues.…
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Gaussian Processes
It’s pretty common to fit a function to a dataset when you’re a data scientist. But in many cases, it’s not clear what kind of function might be most appropriate—linear? quadratic? sinusoidal? some combination of these, and perhaps others? Gaussian processes introduce a nonparameteric option…
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Keeping ourselves honest when we work with observational healthcare data
The abundance of data in healthcare, and the value we could capture from structuring and analyzing that data, is a huge opportunity. It also presents huge challenges. One of the biggest challenges is how, exactly, to do that structuring and analysis—data scientists working with this data have...
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Changing our formulation of AI to avoid runaway risks: Interview with Prof. Stuart Russell
AI is evolving incredibly quickly, and thinking now about where it might go next (and how we as a species and a society should be prepared) is critical. Professor Stuart Russell, an AI expert at UC Berkeley, has a formulation for modifications to AI that we should study and try implementing now…
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Putting machine learning into a database
Most data scientists bounce back and forth regularly between doing analysis in databases using SQL and building and deploying machine learning pipelines in R or python. But if we think ahead a few years, a few visionary researchers are starting to see a world in which the ML pipelines can…
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ABOUT THIS SHOW
Podcast by Ben Jaffe and Katie Malone
HOSTED BY
Ben Jaffe and Katie Malone
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Frequently Asked Questions
How many episodes does Linear Digressions have?
Linear Digressions currently has 291 episodes available on PodParley. New episodes are automatically indexed when they're published to the podcast feed.
What is Linear Digressions about?
Podcast by Ben Jaffe and Katie Malone
How often does Linear Digressions release new episodes?
Linear Digressions publishes regularly with 291 episodes available. Check the episode list for the typical release schedule.
Where can I listen to Linear Digressions?
You can listen to Linear Digressions on PodParley by clicking any episode. We provide an embedded audio player for direct listening, and you can also subscribe via your preferred podcast app using the RSS feed.
Who hosts Linear Digressions?
Linear Digressions is created and hosted by Ben Jaffe and Katie Malone.
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