OKAP Rapid Review

Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of systemic disease including autoimmune, infectious, metabolic, and neoplastic conditions affecting the visual system.

Recognition of non-organic visual loss and functional neurologic presentations.

Differential diagnosis of pain syndromes including headache, neuralgia, and orbital disease.

Evaluation of ptosis, lid retraction, and facial nerve dysfunction.

Approach to anisocoria and pupillary defects including afferent and efferent pathway disorders.

Classification and evaluation of nystagmus and abnormal eye movement patterns.

Recognition of central gaze disorders and supranuclear control abnormalities.

Approach to diplopia including cranial nerve palsies, restrictive disease, and neuromuscular junction disorders.

Evaluation of visual perceptual disturbances including neurologic and psychiatric causes.

Causes and workup of transient monocular and binocular vision loss including vascular etiologies.

Localization and evaluation of retrochiasmal lesions including homonymous field defects.

Differentiating retinal, optic nerve, and central causes of vision loss using clinical and diagnostic clues.

Approach to vision loss including key history, exam findings, and localization strategies.

Overview of CT, MRI, and ancillary imaging with emphasis on indications and interpretation in neuro-ophthalmic disease.

High-yield review of visual pathways, cranial nerves, and neuroanatomy relevant to localization of disease.

Emerging therapies for inherited retinal disease with focus on current clinical applications.

Principles of vitrectomy, surgical indications, and intravitreal pharmacologic therapy.

Indications and techniques for laser and cryotherapy in retinal disease.

Retinal and choroidal complications of ocular trauma including commotio and hemorrhage.

Rhegmatogenous, tractional, and exudative detachments with associated risk factors and management.

Posterior vitreous detachment, epiretinal membrane, and vitreomacular traction syndromes.

Recognition and management of retinal toxicity from medications such as hydroxychloroquine.

Retinal findings in systemic metabolic and degenerative conditions.

Key inherited retinal dystrophies including retinitis pigmentosa and macular dystrophies.

Approach to posterior uveitis including infectious and non-infectious etiologies.

Complications of high myopia including myopic degeneration and associated retinal pathology.

Overview of inflammatory, degenerative, and neoplastic diseases involving the choroid.

Screening, staging, and treatment of ROP with emphasis on early detection and intervention.

Retinal vein and artery occlusions, and other non-systemic vascular pathologies.

Retinal manifestations of systemic vascular conditions including hypertension and systemic inflammatory disease.

Classification, screening, and treatment of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.

Pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of AMD and other CNV-related conditions.

Core concepts in phototransduction, visual processing, and functional testing including visual fields and electrophysiology.

Systematic approach to posterior segment disease using history, exam findings, and key imaging modalities.

High-yield review of retinal and vitreous anatomy, including layers, blood supply, and structural relationships essential for understanding disease.

Overview of laser and incisional procedures including trabeculectomy, tube shunts, and MIGS. Focus on indications, complications, and postoperative management.

Comprehensive review of glaucoma medications, mechanisms of action, side effects, and stepwise treatment escalation. Emphasizes individualized therapy.

Covers primary congenital glaucoma and juvenile forms, including genetic associations, clinical presentation, and surgical management strategies.

Reviews non–pupillary block causes including plateau iris, neovascular glaucoma, and lens-induced mechanisms. Focus on identifying underlying cause and targeted treatment.

Covers spectrum from suspect to acute angle closure. Emphasizes pupillary block mechanism, clinical presentation, and management including laser iridotomy.

Covers causes of secondary open-angle glaucoma including pseudoexfoliation, pigment dispersion, steroid response, and uveitic glaucoma. Emphasizes mechanism-based management.

High-yield synthesis of POAG including pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical findings, and management strategies. Focus on classic board-tested concepts.

Detailed review of visual field testing, including reliability indices, common defect patterns, and progression analysis. Emphasizes correlating fields with structural findings.

Focuses on optic nerve assessment, RNFL evaluation, and OCT interpretation. Emphasizes recognizing glaucomatous damage and differentiating from mimickers.

Covers slit lamp exam, gonioscopy, and anterior segment imaging. Emphasizes angle anatomy, classification, and identifying mechanisms of angle closure.

Systematic approach to glaucoma history-taking, including risk factors, medication review, family history, and identifying red flags for secondary causes.

Covers aqueous production and outflow pathways, including trabecular and uveoscleral systems. Focus on mechanisms of IOP regulation and how dysfunction leads to glaucoma.

Overview of glaucoma definitions, classification systems, and global epidemiology. Emphasizes risk factors, disease burden, and key terminology that underpins clinical decision-making.

Comprehensive review of keratoplasty techniques (PK, DALK, DSEK, DMEK), including indications, complications, rejection, and postoperative management.

Covers chemical burns, abrasions, foreign bodies, and medication toxicity, emphasizing acute management, prognostic indicators, and prevention of long-term damage.