OKAP Rapid Review

Current surgical strategies for presbyopia correction using corneal, lenticular, and intraocular approaches.

Phakic IOLs, refractive lens exchange, and intraocular options for correction of refractive error.

Postoperative evaluation, enhancement planning, and long-term management after refractive surgery.

Special considerations for refractive surgery in patients with ocular pathology or systemic disease.

Principles, indications, outcomes, and complications of SMILE and related lenticule extraction procedures.

Recognition, prevention, and management of complications after corneal laser refractive surgery.

Excimer laser refractive procedures with emphasis on surgical technique, outcomes, and patient expectations.

Principles, indications, techniques, and outcomes of incisional procedures for refractive correction.

Preoperative assessment including refraction, topography, tomography, ocular surface evaluation, and patient selection.

Fundamental optical principles, corneal biomechanics, wound healing, and the scientific basis of refractive surgery.

High-yield review questions covering key concepts in lens and cataract surgery.

Historical evolution of cataract surgery including extracapsular and intracapsular techniques.

Approach to cataract surgery in complex eyes and special patient populations.

Expected postoperative recovery and management of complications following cataract surgery.

Recognition and management of common intraoperative complications and difficult surgical scenarios.

Strategies to improve refractive accuracy including IOL calculations, astigmatism correction, and premium lens considerations.

Principles and techniques of phacoemulsification including wound construction, nucleus removal, and lens implantation.

Preoperative assessment, surgical planning, biometry, and patient counseling for cataract surgery.

Clinical evaluation, indications for surgery, and medical and surgical management of cataracts.

Morphologic and pathophysiologic classification of cataracts and related lens pathology.

Development of the crystalline lens and congenital abnormalities affecting lens formation.

Core biochemical and physiologic principles underlying lens transparency and cataract formation.

Review of lens anatomy and clinically relevant structural concepts important for cataract surgery.

Overview of cataract prevalence, risk factors, and the global impact of cataract-related vision loss.

Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of systemic disease including autoimmune, infectious, metabolic, and neoplastic conditions affecting the visual system.

Recognition of non-organic visual loss and functional neurologic presentations.

Differential diagnosis of pain syndromes including headache, neuralgia, and orbital disease.

Evaluation of ptosis, lid retraction, and facial nerve dysfunction.

Approach to anisocoria and pupillary defects including afferent and efferent pathway disorders.

Classification and evaluation of nystagmus and abnormal eye movement patterns.

Recognition of central gaze disorders and supranuclear control abnormalities.

Approach to diplopia including cranial nerve palsies, restrictive disease, and neuromuscular junction disorders.

Evaluation of visual perceptual disturbances including neurologic and psychiatric causes.

Causes and workup of transient monocular and binocular vision loss including vascular etiologies.

Localization and evaluation of retrochiasmal lesions including homonymous field defects.

Differentiating retinal, optic nerve, and central causes of vision loss using clinical and diagnostic clues.

Approach to vision loss including key history, exam findings, and localization strategies.

Overview of CT, MRI, and ancillary imaging with emphasis on indications and interpretation in neuro-ophthalmic disease.

High-yield review of visual pathways, cranial nerves, and neuroanatomy relevant to localization of disease.

Emerging therapies for inherited retinal disease with focus on current clinical applications.

Principles of vitrectomy, surgical indications, and intravitreal pharmacologic therapy.

Indications and techniques for laser and cryotherapy in retinal disease.

Retinal and choroidal complications of ocular trauma including commotio and hemorrhage.

Rhegmatogenous, tractional, and exudative detachments with associated risk factors and management.

Posterior vitreous detachment, epiretinal membrane, and vitreomacular traction syndromes.

Recognition and management of retinal toxicity from medications such as hydroxychloroquine.

Retinal findings in systemic metabolic and degenerative conditions.

Key inherited retinal dystrophies including retinitis pigmentosa and macular dystrophies.

Approach to posterior uveitis including infectious and non-infectious etiologies.

Complications of high myopia including myopic degeneration and associated retinal pathology.