Reconquista

As the war between Castile and Aragon continues, we welcome another Pedro to the narrative - King Pedro I of Portugal. 

The rise to power of Pedro the Cruel in Castile sparks hostilities between the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon.

A succession crisis in Aragon threatens to plunge the kingdom into civil war. 

An era comes to an end with the death of King Alfonso XI of Castile during the siege of Gibralta in 1350.

King Alfonso XI of Castile attempts to take the Merinid city of Algeciras.

We examine one of the most significant conflicts of the Reconquista - the battle of Salado.

Family drama erupts inside the royal courts of Aragon, Castile and Portugal in the 1330s, resulting in conflict between the kingdoms. 

King Alfonso XI of Castile launches a crusade against the Muslims of Grenada, while the Kingdom of Navarre manages to shake off French rule.

With the rise to power of King Alfonso IV of Aragon in 1327, most of the kings ruling in the Iberian peninsula were named Alfonso.

During the year 1325, new rulers rose to power in Castile, Grenada and Portugal.

Amid changes in leadership, the Muslim Kingdom of Grenada finds itself facing a number of serious challenges.

The mighty Kingdom of Leon and Castile is attacked from all sides as it deals with a succession crisis.

King Frederick III of Sicily attempts to hold on to his crown despite having no allies and some very powerful enemies. 

King James II of Aragon and Sicily attempts to hold on to both his crowns in the face of insurmountable difficulties. 

Young King Alfonso III of Aragon faces existential threats to his rule as he attempts to hold onto his crown.

King Sancho IV of Leon and Castile finds himself facing a number of domestic and foreign challenges.

King Pedro III of Aragon faces the most serious crisis of his reign. 

King Pedro III of Aragon is proclaimed to be the new King of Sicily - a claim disputed by Charles of Anjou.

King Pedro III of Aragon forms an ambitious plan to attack the Kingdom of Sicily.

We take a look at succession issues confronted by the Kingdom of Navarre and the Kingdom of Aragon. 

King Alfonso X returns from his badly timed attempt to become the Holy Roman Emperor, only to see his kingdom plunged into a succession crisis.

While King Alfonso X is absent from the Iberian peninsula, Muhammad of Grenada invades Castile - leaving the kingdom scrambling to defend itself. 

King Alfonso X introduces a number of unpopular policies inside his realm, causing a rebellion to break out.

As peace settles over the Iberian peninsula, some of the Christian kings decide to journey to the Holy Land on crusade. 

The Kingdom of Grenada launches a large scale uprising against Castilian rule in 1264.

An increasingly frustrated King Alfonso attempts to extend Castilian territory into Navarre, Gascony and northern Africa.

We welcome a new ruler to the kingdoms of Leon and Castile - King Alfonso X.  This very ambitious monarch commences his reign by attempting to become the next Holy Roman Emperor. 

Following the fall of Seville, many of its Muslim residents relocated to the Kingdom of Grenada.  We take a closer look at this Muslim territory.

Two milestone events in the Reconquista occur under the leadership of King Fernando III - the defeat of the cities of Jaen and Seville.

During the busy years of the 1240's King Sancho II of Portugal loses his battle with the church, while ibn al-Ahmar attempts to annex the city of Seville. 

During the 1240s, the Kingdom of Aragon and the Kingdoms of Leon and Castile go on the offensive against al-Andalus, in a campaign known as 'the great game'. 

In a major milestone for the Reconquista, King James I of Aragon conquers the city of Valencia in 1238.

King James I of Aragon commences his conquest of Valencia and we welcome a new player to the narrative - King Thibaut I of Navarre. 

The Christians succeed in taking one of the most important cities in al-Andalus - the city of Cordoba which surrendered in 1236.

As the Muslims of al-Andalus fight each other, King Fernando of Leon and Castile takes advantage of an opportunity to strike Cordoba.

We follow King James I of Aragon and King Alfonso IX of Leon as they go on the offensive.

As Caliphs come and go at a dizzying rate, Almohad rule in al-Andalus crumbles - giving rise to a new ruler, ibn Hud.

King Fernando III of Castile embarks on his first crusade, while one of the contenders for Caliph forms an unlikely alliance with Castile.

As crusading fever sweeps across Europe, a number of crusades are launched against the Almohads - with mixed results.

We welcome a new King to the throne of Castile and join the Portugese in a crusade to seize a Muslim stronghold to the south of Lisbon.

A bunch of consequential deaths in the years following the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, upend the politics of the Iberian peninsula.

We conclude our look at the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, which ends in a decisive victory for the crusaders.

It's crusade time!  A major crusading expedition leaves Toledo in June 1212 under the command of King Alfonso VIII of Castile.  It heads directly southwards, intending to confront the Caliph's forces.  

After a decade-long period of peace, the Christians and Muslims of the Iberian peninsula clash once again, with the Caliph targetting the Christian stronghold of Salvatierra.

A decade long period of peace between the Almohads and the Christians commences, leaving the Christian kings free to do what they do best - fight each other.

Following its loss at the Battle of Alarcos, the Kingdom of Castile faces an existential threat in 1196 as it is attacked simultaneously by Leon, Navarre and the Almohads.

The truces between the Christian rulers and the Caliph expire and both sides clash at the Battle of Alarcos in 1195.

During the years 1190 and 1191, the Caliph launches a number of military campaigns against the Kingdom of Portugal, intent on reclaiming the town of Silves.

Following the bunch of deaths which occurred in the last episode, we have a bunch of new Christian kings - most of whom are named Alfonso.   As the Third Crusade is launched, we see the new king of Portugal, King Sancho I, join with a fleet of crusaders to attack the Muslim town of Silves. 

 We cover the Caliph's campaign against the Christians in 1184 and wave goodbye to three major players from our narrative.