The Critical Clinician

In this part 3 of 3 episode, we talk about the final type of shock. Sources • https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-shock/basics/art-20056620#:~:text=Shock%20is%20a%20critical%20condition,getting%20enough%20blood%20or%20oxygen.• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6323133/#s2• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513297/• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470316/#:~:text=In%20distributive%20shock%2C%20systemic%20vasodilation,further%20complicating%20the%20clinical%20picture.• https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiogenic-shock• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482255/• https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.119.011991• https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/219022/cpg_cardiogenic-shock.pdf• https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/485333#:~:text=The%20mechanism%20of%20cardiac%20arrest,rises%20and%20cardiogenic%20shock%20ensues.• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11266805/#:~:text=Etiologically%2C%20obstructive%20shock%20is%20caused,a%20very%20high%20PEEP%20level . • https://www.osmosis.org/answers/obstructive-shock

Part 2 of 3 talking about the different prehospital types of pathophysiological shock.• https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-shock/basics/art-20056620#:~:text=Shock%20is%20a%20critical%20condition,getting%20enough%20blood%20or%20oxygen.• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6323133/#s2• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513297/• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470316/#:~:text=In%20distributive%20shock%2C%20systemic%20vasodilation,further%20complicating%20the%20clinical%20picture.• https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiogenic-shock• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482255/• https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.119.011991• https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/219022/cpg_cardiogenic-shock.pdf• https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/485333#:~:text=The%20mechanism%20of%20cardiac%20arrest,rises%20and%20cardiogenic%20shock%20ensues.• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11266805/#:~:text=Etiologically%2C%20obstructive%20shock%20is%20caused,a%20very%20high%20PEEP%20level . • https://www.osmosis.org/answers/obstructive-shock

Part 1 of 3 talking about the different prehospital types of pathophysiological shock.Sources• https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-shock/basics/art-20056620#:~:text=Shock%20is%20a%20critical%20condition,getting%20enough%20blood%20or%20oxygen.• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6323133/#s2• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513297/• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470316/#:~:text=In%20distributive%20shock%2C%20systemic%20vasodilation,further%20complicating%20the%20clinical%20picture.• https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiogenic-shock• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482255/• https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.119.011991• https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/219022/cpg_cardiogenic-shock.pdf• https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/485333#:~:text=The%20mechanism%20of%20cardiac%20arrest,rises%20and%20cardiogenic%20shock%20ensues.• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11266805/#:~:text=Etiologically%2C%20obstructive%20shock%20is%20caused,a%20very%20high%20PEEP%20level .• https://www.osmosis.org/answers/obstructive-shock

In this Crib Chat episode, we talk about a widely used tool in prehospital care, the glasgow coma scale.

In this episode Steph discusses a case study and pathophysiology around cellulitis, a common presentation in the prehospital environment. Sources: https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/219045/cpg_cellulitus.pdf https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cellulitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370762 https://www.healthline.com/health/cellulitis#fa-qs https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549770/

This episode was made in conjunction to last week's episode 'Anaphylaxis and severe allergies'. We discuss the pharmacology of adrenaline in a paramedic scope. Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/sympathomimetic-drug https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/sympathomimetic https://study.com/learn/lesson/alpha-beta-receptors.html https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/219319/DTP_Adrenaline-epinephrine.pdf https://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/#:~:text=Review%20of%20the%20literature%20shows,that%20another%20important%20fraction%20is https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22611-epinephrine-adrenaline

In our first pathophysiology episode for the year, I talk about a brief case study relating to an anaphylactic presentation and the pathophysiology. Sources: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/135065-overview#a3 https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/219043/cpg_anaphylaxis-and-allergy.pdf  https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/capillary-permeability#:~:text=An%20increase%20in%20capillary%20permeability,fluid%20in%20the%20interstitial%20compartment.  https://www.allergy.org.au/hp/anaphylaxis/adrenaline-injector-prescription

Plans for 2025, catchup from the holidays and reintroduction for new listeners.

Part 2 of 2 discusses CPD (continued professional development) and [the well awaited] "wildest story as a paramedic".

Join me as I sit down with Victorian MICA flight paramedic, Cat Mackay. In this part 1 of 2 episode, we talk all things MICA application process, training and aspects to the job. Part 2 to be released mid next week.

In part 2, George talks about her ebook 'Shift Work - a guide', discussing the acute and accumulative psychological and physiological effects of shift work. TW: Mental health, PTSD Lifeline : 13 11 14 Beyond Blue : 1300 22 4636

I had the pleasure of interviewing George Mitchell, prior rural paramedic with the New South Wales Ambulance, and current naturopathic student. In part 1, she discusses her journey into paramedicine. TW: Mental health, PTSD Lifeline : 13 11 14 Beyond Blue : 1300 22 4636  

TW: Suicide, homicide, self harm, mental health In part 2, Emily details her experience as a paramedic at an open-cut mine in Northern Queensland, the struggles the mining industry faces and her future career objectives. Lifeline : 13 11 14 Beyond Blue : 1300 22 4636

I interview one of my best mates, Emily Lydeamore-Walker, as she recounts her journey to become a mine-site paramedic in Northern Queensland. In part 1, she details her university experience and her London Ambulance Service Exchange program.

TW: Mental health, suicide, self harm. This part 2 of 2 episode dives into the mental status assessment (MSA), sedation assessment tool (SAT) and emergency examination authorities (EEA).

TW: Mental health, suicide, self harm. In this episode, we do a deep dive into the methods of de-escalation, and also the types of questions to ask a mental health patient.

YIKES! What's worse than having a UTI? Nothing, I say! This episode dives into a case and pathophysiology of a UTI. Sources: https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/urinary-tract-infection-uti#:~:text=Women%20likely%20experience%20UTIs%20significantly,travel%20to%20reach%20the%20bladder. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/24400-nitrite-positive-urine https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353453 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470195/

New kid on the block! In this episode, I'm discussing the brand new drug introduced to the ACP2 scope in Queensland, Cefazolin. Sources: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01327 https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/219141/cpg_limb-injury.pdf https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/308835/DTP_Cefazolin.pdf https://www.mims.com/philippines/drug/info/cefazolin?mtype=generic#:~:text=Mechanism%20of%20Action%3A%20Cefazolin%2C%20a,and%20causing%20eventual%20bacterial%20lysis.

In this episode we discuss the concepts of DCR, in addressing the components of the lethal triad; hypothermia, acidosis and coagulopathy. We would love to hear your thoughts! Sources: Damage Control Resuscitation - Joint Trauma System. (2023). Health.mil. https://jts.health.mil/index.cfm/PI_CPGs/damage_control Yasumitsu, M. (2017). Damage control resuscitation: a practical approach for severely hemorrhagic patients and its effects on trauma surgery. Journal of Intensive Care, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-016-0197-5  Queensland Ambulance Service. (2022). CPG Abdominal Trauma. QAS. https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/219132/cpg_abdominal-trauma.pdf Leibner, E., Andreae, M., Galvagno, S. M., & Scalea, T. (2020). Damage Control Resuscitation. Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine, 7(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.19.089 Hooper, N., & Armstrong, T. J. (2022, September 26). Hemorrhagic Shock. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470382/ ‌

This is part 2 of 2, discussing the second acute aortic syndrome presentation, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Sources: Tsai, T. T., Nienaber, C. A., & Eagle, K. A. (2005). Acute Aortic Syndromes. Circulation, 112(24), 3802–3813. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.105.534198 Acute Aortic Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms &Treatment. (2022, October 5). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24247-acute-aortic-syndrome (US), M. (2024). Aneurysm or Dissection of the Aorta and Peripheral Arteries. Nih.gov; National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209982/#:~:text=Develop%20the%20definitions%20for%20aneurysm,rest%20of%20the%20arterial%20wall. Abdominal aortic aneurysm - Symptoms and causes. (2023). Mayo Clinic; https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm/symptoms-causes/syc-20350688 Shaw, P. M., Loree, J., & Gibbons, R. C. (2024, February 27). Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470237/ Abdominal aortic aneurysm. (2022). Mount Sinai Health System. https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm Khanh, H. (2024, September 30). Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications. Medscape.com; Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1979501-clinical?&icd=login_success_email_match_fpf#b2 Khanh, H. (2024, September 30). Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications. Medscape.com; Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1979501-clinical?&icd=login_success_email_match_fpf#b2

In this part 1 of 2 episode, we will be discussing Acute Aortic Syndromes (AAS). This week we will be discussing acute aortic dissection (AAD). Sources: Tsai, T. T., Nienaber, C. A., & Eagle, K. A. (2005). Acute Aortic Syndromes. Circulation, 112(24), 3802–3813. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.105.534198 Acute Aortic Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms &Treatment. (2022, October 5). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24247-acute-aortic-syndrome US, M. (2024). Aneurysm or Dissection of the Aorta and Peripheral Arteries. Nih.gov; National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209982/#:~:text=Develop%20the%20definitions%20for%20aneurysm,rest%20of%20the%20arterial%20wall. Levy, D., Goyal, A., Yulia Grigorova, Farci, F., & Le, J. K. (2023, April 23). Aortic Dissection. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441963/#:~:text=Aortic%20dissection%20is%20an%20acute,%5B7%5D%20with%20sudden%20death. Aortic dissection-Aortic dissection - Symptoms & causes - Mayo Clinic. (2021). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496 Ciulla, M. M., Vivona, P., Lemos, A., Sozzi, F., Cioffi, U., & Testori, A. (2018). Atrial fibrillation, an epiphenomenon of acute Stanford type‐A aortic dissection with suspected intimo‐intimal intussusception. Clinical Case Reports, 6(9), 1791–1794. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.1701 Abdominal aortic aneurysm - Symptoms and causes. (2023). Mayo Clinic; https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm/symptoms-causes/syc-20350688 Shaw, P. M., Loree, J., & Gibbons, R. C. (2024, February 27). Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470237/ Abdominal aortic aneurysm. (2022). Mount Sinai Health System. https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm

Are you familiar with the Paediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT)? Source: AAP American Academy of Paediatrics, (2013). Pediatric Education for Prehospital Professionals (PEPP). 3rd Edition. Jones & Bartlett, Sudbury, MA. Fernández A, Ares MI, Garcia S, Martinez-Indart L, Mintegi S, Benito J. (2017). The Validity of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle as the First Step in the Triage Process in a Pediatric Emergency Department. Pediatric Emergency Care. 33(4), 234-238. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000717. Journal of Paramedic practice. (2011). Image: PAT. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.paramedicpractice.com%2Fcontent%2Ffeatures%2Fthe-paediatric-assessment-triangle-a-powerful-tool-for-the-prehospital-provider%2F&psig=AOvVaw0Grg0AV1QPxe_EmHQGeTn5&ust=1726908298576000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBcQjhxqFwoTCPjb1e6Q0YgDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE

In this episode, we discuss a tension pneumothorax presentation. Sources: Huan, N.-C., Sidhu, C., & Thomas, R. (2021). Pneumothorax. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 42(4), 711–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2021.08.007 Ruchi Jalota Sahota, & Sayad, E. (2024, January 30). Tension Pneumothorax. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559090/ Weiser, T. G. (2024, April 12). Pneumothorax (Tension). MSD Manual Professional Edition; MSD Manuals. https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-au/professional/injuries-poisoning/thoracic-trauma/pneumothorax-tension#Diagnosis_v12529678 Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS) (2022). CPP Emergency Chest Decompression Pneumodart. https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/219251/cpp_emergency-chest-decompression_pneumodart.pdf

In this episode, we will discuss a case involving an acute dystonic reaction and its aetiology. Symptom clusters include: Oculogyric - Upward or lateral deviation of eyes Boccolingual - Facial grimacing +/- dysarthria and/or dysphagia Torticollic - Spasms of neck musculature Tortipelvic - Abdominal wall musculature spasms Opisthotous - tetanic spasm where spine and extremities are bent forward Sources: Queensland Ambulance Service . (2022). Clinical Practice Guideline: Medical / Acute dystonic reaction. In Queensland Ambulance Service. https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/219041/cpg_acute-dystonic-reaction.pdf Lewis, K., & O’Day, C. S. (2023, May). Dystonic Reactions. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531466/#:~:text=An%20acute%20dystonic%20reaction%20is,to%20abnormal%20movements%20or%20postures. Drug-induced movement disorders. (2019). Dystonia Medical Research Foundation. https://dystonia-foundation.org/what-is-dystonia/types-dystonia/drug-induced/#:~:text=Treatment%20for%20acute%20dystonia%20includes,within%2012%20to%2048%20hours. Kowalski, M. (2024, August 2). Medication-Induced Dystonic Reactions: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology. Medscape.com; Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/814632-overview Sullivan, O. (2024). Dystonic Reaction. Emed.ie. https://emed.ie/Toxicology/Dystonic_Reaction.php Campbell, D. (2001). The management of acute dystonic reactions. Australian Prescriber, 24(1), 19–20. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2001.011

In this episode, we will be discussing acute coronary syndromes, in particular unstable angina. Sources: Anonymous. (2022). Acute Coronary Syndrome. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-coronary syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20352136 • Goyal, A. Zeltser, R. (2022) Unstable Angina. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442000/#:~:text=Unstable%20angina%20is%20chest%20discomfort,up%20to%20a%20heart %20attack. Singh, A., Museedi, A. S., & Grossman, S. A. (2022). Acute Coronary Syndrome. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459157/#:~:text=Pathophysiology Sweis, R. Jivan, A. (2022). Overview of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS). MSD Manual Professional Version. https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-au/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/coronary-artery-disease/overview-of-acute-coronarysyndromes-acs

In this CRIB-CHAT episode, we discuss a method of self reflection. Sources: Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle. (2020, November 11). The University of Edinburgh. https://www.ed.ac.uk/reflection/reflectors-toolkit/reflecting-on-experience/gibbs-reflective-cycle Business, M. (2022, September 20). Gibbs Reflective Cycle: Feel the Benefit of Experiential Learning. Medium; Medium. https://makingbusinessmatter.medium.com/gibbs-reflective-cycle-feel-the-benefit-of-experiential-learning-87e2f0eaae59 MindTools | Home. (2024). Mindtools.com. https://www.mindtools.com/ano9qiu/gibbs-reflective-cycle#:~:text=Professor%20Graham%20Gibbs%20published%20his,Gibbs'%20cycle%20is%20shown%20below.&text=From%20%22Learning%20by%20Doing%22%20by%20Graham%20Gibbs.

In this part 2 of 2 episode, we will be discussing the pharmacodynamics of  methamphetamine use and how it can cause cardiac arrests Lifeline Australia: 13 11 14 Sources: Logan, B. (n.d.). Methamphetamine - Effects on Human Performance and Behavior. http://www.biblioteca.cij.gob.mx/Archivos/Materiales_de_consulta/Drogas_de_Abuso/Articulos/methamphetamine.pdf DEA. (2024). Methamphetamine. DEA. https://www.dea.gov/factsheets/methamphetamine Alcohol and drug counselling ONLINE . (2024). How does meth work? Counselling Online. https://www.counsellingonline.org.au/understanding-addiction/alcohol-and-drug-information/ice/how-does-meth-work Yu, Rowe, M., Martin, P., & Arun Dahiya. (2020). Reversible methamphetamine-induced cardiomyopathy mimicking arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy with ventricular tachycardia. HeartRhythm Case Reports, 6(3), 139–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrcr.2019.11.007 Kaye, S., & McKetin, R. (2024). Cardiotoxicity associated with methamphetamine use and signs of cardiovascular pathology among methamphetamine users | NDARC - National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre. Unsw.edu.au. https://ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au/resource/cardiotoxicity-associated-methamphetamine-use-and-signs-cardiovascular-pathology-among ‌ ‌

In this part 1 of 2 episode, we will be talking about the Rapid Discontinuation of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation criteria and the bodily changes following death.   Lifeline Australia: 13 11 14 Sources: Queensland Ambulance Service (2022). Clinical Practice Guidelines: Resuscitation/ General guidelines. Queensland Ambulance Service. https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/219107/cpg_resuscitation_general-guidelines.pdf Baker (2023) Illicit drug use involved in nearly one in three sudden cardiac deaths in young adults. Baker.edu.au. https://baker.edu.au/news/media-releases/illicit-drug-use Shrestha, R., Tanuj Kanchan, & Krishan, K. (2023, May 30). Methods of Estimation of Time Since Death. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549867/#:~:text=Decomposition%20can%20divide%20into%20five,%2C%20skeletonization%2C%20and%20extreme%20decomposition.&text=The%20early%20decomposition%20phase%20begins,to%20five%20days%20post%2Dmortem.

In this episode, we talk about acute cholecystitis. Sources: · Adachi, T., Eguchi, S., & Muto, Y. (2021). Pathophysiology and pathology of acute cholecystitis: A secondary publication of the Japanese version from 1992. Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbp.912 · John Hopkins Medicine. (2022). Cholecystitis. Hopkins Medicine https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and diseases/cholecystitis#:~:text=Cholecystitis%20is%20a%20redness%20and · Jones, M., Genova, R., & O’Rourke, M. (2023, May 22). Acute cholecystitis. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459171/

In this CRIB-CHAT episode, we discuss the things to take and conversations to have on your first on-road placement. {02:55}{Equipment to take} {04:50}{The morning of your first shift} {08:45}{The 'expectations' chat} {13:10}{Enroute to your first job} {15:30}{Difficult mentors} {17:15}{Asking for feedback}

Thankyou for listening once again. This episode explores a case and pathophysiology relating to hypoglycaemia. Sources: • Hamdy, O. (2024, July 18). Hypoglycemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology. Medscape.com; Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/122122-overview • Mathew, P., & Deepu Thoppil. (2022, December 26). Hypoglycemia. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534841/#:~:text=The%20symptoms%20of%20Whipple's%20triad,low%20blood%20glucose%20after%20treatment. • Queensland Ambulance Service. (2022). Diabetic Emergency: Hypoglycaemia. Queensland Ambulance Service. Clinical Practice Guideline. https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0024/219048/cpg_diabetic-emergency_hypoglycaemia.pdf • The Liver & Blood Sugar - Diabetes Education Online. (2011, June 9). Diabetes Education Online. https://dtc.ucsf.edu/types-of-diabetes/type1/understanding-type-1-diabetes/how-the-body-processes-sugar/the-liver-blood-sugar/#:~:text=The%20liver%20supplies%20sugar%20or,This%20process%20is%20called%20gluconeogenesis.

We discuss the pathophysiology for a case with the hallmark symptoms of sepsis. Sources: Queensland Ambulance Service. (2021). CPG Medical/Sepsis. Queensland Ambulance Service. https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/219052/cpg_sepsis.pdf Remi, Neviere, MD. (2024). Pathophysiology of Sepsis. Up to Date. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathophysiology-of-sepsis#:~:text=It%20involves%20the%20activation%20of Ryding, S. (2018, September 9). Sepsis Pathophysiology. News-Medical. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Sepsis-Pathophysiology.aspx#:~:text=Sepsis%20is%20a%20globally%20occurring

In this episode we talk about the treatment and pathophysiology of laryngeal trauma in a *bizarre* case. TW: brief mention of suicide. Sources: Knipe, H. (n.d.). Laryngeal trauma | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Radiopaedia. Retrieved July 11, 2024, from https://radiopaedia.org/articles/laryngeal-trauma#:~:text=Cases%20and%20figures- Malvi, A.,& Jain, S. (2022). Laryngeal Trauma, Its Types, and Management. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.29877 Philadelphia, T. C. H. of. (2014, March 15). Laryngeal Trauma. CHOP. https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/laryngeal-trauma#:~:text=The%20damage%20can%20range%20from

Welcome to the first episode of The Critical Clinician, your go-to podcast for paramedic cases, consolidation and critiquing. Join us on the never ending journey of learning.