Christ and Classics

In this episode of the Christ in Classics podcast, Colton Moore interviews Joe Carlson, a scholar and translator of Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy. They discuss Carlson's background in classical literature, the significance of classical education, and the intricate relationship between sin and punishment in Dante's work. The conversation emphasizes the importance of reading the entire Divine Comedy and reflects on personal interpretations of Dante's themes. In this conversation, Dr. Carlson and Colton explore the themes of sin, punishment, and divine justice as depicted in Dante's Inferno. They discuss the contrasting views of misers and spendthrifts, the hierarchy of sins, and the intellectual versus bestial nature of sin. The role of Satan in the punishment of sinners is examined, along with the concept that hell is a place where individuals embrace their desires, leading to their own punishment. The discussion also touches on the transition to Purgatorio and the idea of sanctification in the Christian life.

In this episode of the Christ & Classics podcast, Colton Moore speaks with Dr. Louis Markos about his new book, Passing the Torch: An Apology for Classical Christian Education. His book discusses the importance of the traditio, the passing down and preservation of the classical academic and moral tradition of antiquity. The conversation reveals that this tradition, seen most expressly in the West, is a self-correcting tradition. They also explore the necessity of structure in education and the importance of instilling virtues and inquiry within students. They discuss the challenges faced by students today, including a lack of reading engagement, and the dangers of low expectations in education. Overall, the dialogue emphasizes the need for a cultural literacy that empowers all students, regardless of their background, to participate meaningfully in a democratic society. Lastly, Markos concludes his time on the show by sharing insights on how classical education can be adapted to reach diverse student populations, fostering a love for learning and virtue in contexts non-receptive to a classical education.

In this episode of the Christ & Classics podcast, Colton hosts Buck Holler, former horse trainer and currently the Director of Consulting at the CiRCE Institute. The two discuss their personal connections and familial backgrounds (Colton and Buck are LONG LOST fourth cousins—more or less!). They analyze the moral lessons of the play, focusing on the characters of Brutus and Antony and the implications of democracy and the plebeians' role in governance. The conversation highlights the complexities of honor, ambition, and the consequences of political actions. This conversation considers the themes of leadership, authority, and the complexities of human nature, illustrated so aptly in the motivations for Brutus’ actions throughout the play. Along the way, Colton and Buck discuss the role of the populace and the power of persuasion, while also reflecting on the nature of betrayal and the need for guidance in leadership.______Buck Holler is a former horse trainer and rodeo cowboy from Red Bluff, CA. Retiring from the rodeo circuit, Buck headed to New England to study theology and languages at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary in 2001. Since then he has worked as an educator and administrator in CA, New York City, and eastern NC. Buck first joined The CiRCE Institute as an apprentice in 2007, became a head mentor for the East Coast III apprenticeship in 2017, began the Latin Apprenticeship in 2019, and now serves in Concord, NC as CiRCE’s director of consulting.

In this episode of the Christ in Classics podcast, Colton Moore engages with Dr. Holly Ordway, a prominent scholar on Tolkien, to explore the themes of heroism in The Hobbit. They discuss Dr. Ordway's personal journey with Tolkien's works, the role of literary criticism, and how “Hobbitness” shapes heroism throughout Tolkien’s book for children, discussing the natural development of Bilbo into a hero, his overt expressions of heroism, and especially his heroism as a moral example; Bilbo, in short, is a courageous, honest, and faithful figure. The discussion also touches on the character development of Thorin and Gandalf, as well as the broader literary tradition of “underdog” heroes. Ultimately, they highlight the profound impact of Tolkien's storytelling on readers and the moral lessons embedded within his narratives.______Dr. Holly Ordway is the Cardinal Francis George Professor of Faith and Culture at the the Word on Fire Institute and Visiting Professor of Apologetics at Houston Christian University. She holds a PhD in English from the University of Massachusetts Amherst and is a Subject Editor for the Journal of Inklings Studies. Her book Tolkien’s Modern Reading: Middle-earth Beyond the Middle Ages (Word on Fire Academic, 2021) received the 2022 Mythopoeic Society Scholarship Award in Inklings Studies:https://www.amazon.com/Tolkiens-Modern-Reading-Middle-earth-Beyond/dp/1943243727/Her newest book is Tolkien’s Faith: A Spiritual Biography, which was released in time for the 50th anniversary of Tolkien’s death on September 2nd, 2023: https://www.amazon.com/Tolkiens-Faith-Spiritual-Holly-Ordway/dp/1685789919/

In this episode of the Christ and Classics podcast, Colton Moore and Matt Bianco delve into Plato's dialogue, Meno, exploring the nature of virtue and whether it can be taught. The conversation highlights the complexities of teaching virtue and the innate understanding of right and wrong. In this conversation, Moore and Bianco explore the concept of virtue from both a theological and philosophical perspective, drawing on the teachings of Plato and the Christian tradition. They discuss the implications of virtue in parenting, education, and the nature of God, closing with the pursuit of knowledge, and the ongoing quest for understanding in both life and faith. Find more from Matt Bianco here: https://circeinstitute.org/blog/author/mattbianco/For Colton's new book (co-authored), see here: https://glossahouse.com/products/beyond-the-horizon-an-appeal-to-parents-for-classical-christian-education

On April 16th, 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was placed in Birmingham City Jail for participating in nonviolent protests that were addressing the local government's deeply entrenched racist policies that singled out and segregated Black Americans. While in jail, Dr. King wrote a lengthy letter to Christian and Jewish leaders concerned about the wisdom of King's actions. In celebration of the legacy and achievements of Martin Luther King Jr., Colton provides a simple reading of King's "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" in its entirety. Link to the Letter: https://www.csuchico.edu/iege/_assets/documents/susi-letter-from-birmingham-jail.pdf"He has told you, O man, what is good; and what does the LORD require of you but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God?" (Micah 6:8)

In this conversation, Dr. Michael Howcomb from GlossaHouse Publishers interviews Colton Moore about the book he just co-authored with Ben House, Beyond the Horizon: An Appeal to Parents for Classical Christian Education. They discuss the history of the book as a manuscript that Ben wrote over a decade ago, the importance of classical Christian education, the role of parents in their children's education, and the educational frameworks of the Trivium. The conversation also touches on the significance of biblical literacy and curiosity in education, concluding with Colton's pitch for the book and classical Christian education.

In this episode of the Christ in Classics podcast, Colton Moore and Devin Wilkins discuss the philosophical and historical implications of the Declaration of Independence. They explore the foundational concepts of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, examining how these ideas have evolved and their relevance in contemporary society. The conversation explores the grievances against British rule, the role of government, and the moral responsibilities of citizens. They also reflect on the educational system's impact on society and the legacy of Thomas Jefferson, whose phrase “pursuit of happiness” the hosts especially consider. The hosts seek to understand the Declaration as a treatise with an original, historical intention, while also considering it from the transcendent moral principles of Jesus Christ revealed in the Holy Scriptures.

In this episode of the Christ in Classics podcast, Colton Moore and Ben House kick off Season 4 with a history lesson: the birth of America. They briefly discuss their upcoming book, Beyond the Horizon: An Appeal to Parents for Classical Christian Education. The main portion of their conversation deals with the Declaration of Independence and the formation of the American colonies. They explore the motivations behind the colonization of America, including religious freedom and economic opportunities. They discuss the development of representative governments in the colonies and the growing sense of independence among the colonists. The conversation concludes with an overview of the American Revolution and the significance of the Declaration of Independence, which segues nicely into next week’s episode where Devin and Colton will tackle the Declaration of Independence as both literature and political philosophy.

Dr. Matthew Bianco from the CiRCE Institute and Jo Murphy, founder and director of TRACE, a university-model school in Texarkana, TX, join Colton to discuss classical education and homeschooling. They explore the role of the CiRCE Institute in teacher training and curriculum development, as well as the challenges of presenting classical education to those unfamiliar with it. They also discuss the importance of homeschooling in providing personalized discipleship, addressing individual needs, and fostering family relationships. The conversation highlights the liberating nature of classical education and the value of homeschooling in creating a nurturing and flexible learning environment. The conversation explores the transition from homeschooling to brick-and-mortar schools, the importance of humility and repentance in parenting, and the role of athletics and arts in education. The guests discuss the benefits of having other adults pour into children's lives and reinforce the values taught by parents. They also highlight the need for children to grow past their parents and experience the world independently. The conversation concludes with a reflection on the positive impact of homeschooling and the potential for collaboration between homeschooling and brick-and-mortar schools.

Colton hosts Andrew Kern from the CiRCE Institute to explore the significance of Homer’s Odyssey as readers witness Odysseus suffer immense trials that nearly kept him from returning to his kingdom, his wife, and his father on the island of Ithaca. They find themselves discussing Homer from the perspectives of marriage, faithfulness, and the task of weaving tapestries throughout this epic poem. The poem is a poem of weaving, which represents wisdom and the creation of society. Colton and Andrew draw parallels between the Odyssey and other works, such as Dante's Divine Comedy and the Bible, in terms of the hidden layers and deeper meanings. The conversation highlights the enjoyment of uncovering new insights and the satisfaction of a story that continues to offer more with each reading; reality is endlessly beautiful, and there is always more to discover and appreciate.  You can find Andrew Kern’s new book Unless the Lord Builds the House: Shared Foundations for Christian Education, along with numerous other of his written works at the CiRCE Institute’s website: https://circeinstitute.org/product/unless-the-lord-builds-the-house/.

In this conversation, Colton Moore and Academic Dean of Bethlehem College and Seminary (Minneapolis, MN) Zach Howard discuss the importance of a Christian liberal arts education. They explore the meaning of liberal education and its aim to liberate individuals from ignorance and sin. They also discuss the benefits of a classical Christian education in shaping the whole person toward living wisely. They address the question of whether students who have already received a classical education should pursue further education in a liberal arts college. In this conversation, Colton and Zach discuss their impressions of Augustine's book, Instructing Beginners in the Faith [ De Catechizandis Rudibus]. They highlight its practicality and accessibility of Augustine’s book, as well as its emphasis on teaching from a heart of love. They also explore Augustine's advice on overcoming discouragement in teaching and the importance of repentance and acts of mercy. They discuss the joy that comes from seeing truth through the eyes of students and the need to rightly order our loves in education. Overall, the conversation emphasizes the importance of teaching with love and humility.

In this episode, Colton hosts Dr. Preston Atwood, Head of School at Westminster Academy in Memphis, TN, to discuss his newly published work, Cantate Domino: A Liturgical Songbook for Classical Christian Schools. They discuss the centrality of music in education, stating that it cultivates the whole person; music itself develops the imagination, affections, and emotions. Cantate Domino is a versatile songbook that can be used at the whole school, classroom, family, and personal levels. It includes a wide range of selections from various traditions across the span of church history, incorporating traditional hymns, modern songs, and even plainsong, gregorian chants. It not only includes songs and hymns, but numerous prayers, calls and responses, and even the entire Psalter. Cantate Domino seeks to serve music programs in classical Christian schools by offering leaders and students' rhythmic and liturgical opportunities to shape their moral imagination, cultivate virtue, and foster aesthetic literacy.

Dr. Louis Markos from Houston Christian University joins Colton to discuss Homer the bard and books 1–8 of his Odyssey. They explore the identity of Homer and the significance of his works, the Iliad and the Odyssey. Dr. Markos engages the controversy surrounding the authorship of these epics and the importance of preserving the Western tradition. The discussion also highlights the oral tradition of storytelling and the use of repetition in Homer's works. The weaving motif in the Odyssey is examined as a metaphor for survival, beauty, and the skill of putting the pieces of life together. Additionally, the theme of weaving and deception in the Odyssey demonstrates how weaving also is a metaphor for covert deception to be viewed positively in the story. The conversation concludes with a reflection on the importance of tradition and the role of imitation in artistic creation. Dr. Markos reveals the concept of xenia, or the rules of hospitality, as a major theme in both the Iliad and the Odyssey—which Colton relates to the teaching children about hospitality and manners, providing some practical applications of these themes in everyday life. 

In this episode, Colton and Devin reminisce on their journey through C.S. Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia and discuss their favorite books and takeaways. They also reflect on three shorter essays by Lewis: Meditation in a Toolshed, Democratic Education, and The Necessity of Chivalry. They highlight the importance of both analytical and immersive reading experiences and the impact of Lewis's storytelling on faith and imagination. They also discuss the significance of chivalry and its relevance in today's society. The episode concludes with a preview of their upcoming exploration of the Odyssey and their plans to discuss founding American documents in preparation for the upcoming election.

In this episode, Colton and Devin are joined by Andrew Kern from the CiRCE Institute to discuss the importance of Homer for education and how his stories relate to the Holy Scriptures. He explains that Homer was the teacher of the Greeks, and teaches his readers how to teach. Homer's stories are filled with weaving imagery, which symbolizes the fabric of civilization and the art of wisdom. Furthermore, the conversation considers the claim that Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey are the best books on rhetoric and storytelling—teaching readers how to deliberate in community and create imaginative worlds rooted in reality. The discussion also explores the relationship between Homer and philosophers like Plato and C. S. Lewis. Might we view Homer's works of epic poetry as the dawn of a new age, while the analytical approach of Plato and Aristotle marks the sunset of an age? Kern emphasizes the need for teachers to teach receptively, allowing students to receive truth and be transformed by it. He also mentions the significance of the temple as a form of reality and announces an upcoming online class on teaching receptively.

In this episode of the Christ in Classics podcast, Devin Wilkins and Colton Moore discuss the last book in the Narnia series, The Last Battle by C.S. Lewis. They explore the themes of truth, deception, and the battle for belief. The book begins with the characters Shift and Puzzle deceiving the Narnians by pretending that Puzzle is Aslan. The Narnians are confused and conflicted as they try to discern the truth. The conversation explores the significance of syncretism and the role of Saturnine themes in the story, which point to hope and the transformative power of penitent sorrow and contemplative insight. The episode concludes with a discussion on hope and the portrayal of the new heavens and new earth in the book.

In this conversation, Devin, Colton, and special guest Keith Kresge discuss C.S. Lewis's essay "The Necessity of Chivalry." They explore the concept of chivalry and its relevance in the American evangelical context. The conversation considers the balance between meekness and ferocity, and the role of Jesus Christ in embodying chivalry. The conversation highlights the challenge of balancing ferocity and gentleness and the need for wisdom in chivalry. Towards the end, the three discuss the importance of instilling chivalry in young men and how it serves as a training ground for future relationships.

In this episode, Devin and Colton discuss The Magician's Nephew, the sixth book in C. S. Lewis' Narnian Chronicles. They center the discussion around the character of Digory and his transformation throughout the story. They discuss his love for his mother and why he is the main character in the book. Additionally, the hosts explore the different types of love portrayed in the book, including Digory's love for his mother, the shallow "love" of the Magician for Queen Janis, the marital love between the first king and queen of Narnia, and the love of friendship.

In this episode, Devin and Colton discuss C.S. Lewis's book The Horse and His Boy, the fifth book in the Narnian Chronicles. They explore the themes of hope, discipline, and growth in the story. They also discuss the mercurial themes and the appearances of Aslan, the lion. The hosts delve into the urgency and swiftness of the characters' journey and the role of the Pevensies in relation to the story's main characters, Shasta and Avaris. They also explore the parallels between Aslan and the Roman god Mercury, as well as the concept of God's providence and guiding hand in our lives.

In this episode, Devin and Colton discuss the book 'The Silver Chair' by C.S. Lewis. The conversation focuses on the theme of remembering, exploring how Eustace's and Jill's forgetfulness can play a purposeful role in accomplishing Aslan's will. Colton and Devin explore why the characters in Narnia are susceptible to forgetting Aslan's commands and the role of pain in awakening their memory. They also draw parallels between the characters' struggles and the biblical narrative, highlighting the providence of God and the purpose of forgetting. The conversation delves into the deceptive nature of the Queen and her parallels to modernist tendencies. Overall, the discussion emphasizes the importance of remembering and how even mistakes play an important role in God's providence.

In this episode, Devin and Colton discuss The Voyage of the Dawn Treader by C. S. Lewis. They explore the episodic nature of the book and the common thread of covetousness that ties the different “episodes” together. They also toss around themes of sanctification and the role of Sol, the sun, within the story. Their conversation also explores the power of stories, particularly in relation to children and their understanding of complex concepts.  Takeaways The Voyage of the Dawn Treader is an episodic book with a common thread of covetousness running through the different islands. The book highlights the themes of sanctification and the role of the sun in purifying the characters. The book challenges the idea that although we see Christ chiefly  through the Scriptures, there is a deep value in finding Christ in other literature.

In this episode, Devin and Colton make an inquiry about skepticism and faith in C. S. Lewis' book, Prince Caspian. They explore the characters of Miraz, Trumpkin, and Susan, who all demonstrate varying degrees of skepticism towards the fantastical elements of Narnia. The conversation camps on the importance of childlikeness and the recognition of a more magical and spiritual world. The hosts also discuss the hope for Susan's character and the strength that comes from embracing faith. Overall, the episode highlights the central theme of faith and the dangers of skepticism in Lewis' second Chronicle, Prince Caspian. At a glance: Skepticism and faith are central themes in Prince Caspian. The characters of Miraz, Trumpkin, and Susan demonstrate varying degrees of skepticism towards the fantastical elements of Narnia. Faith is not childish, but childLIKE. The world is more magical and spiritual than skeptics like Miraz and Trumpkin believe. There is hope for characters like Susan, who may have initially embraced skepticism but can still find redemption and salvation.

In this conversation, Devin and Colton hosted their good friend Keith Kresge to discuss educational egalitarianism within C. S. Lewis’ short essay “Democratic Education.” They explore the idea that education should be focused on the interests of those who want to learn and can learn, rather than trying to equalize curriculum. They also extend Lewis’ thesis to the role of parents as guides of their children’s education and the importance of recognizing individual gifts and roles in society. Overall, the conversation highlights the need for a balanced approach to education and the dangers of an egalitarian mindset. The interlocutors also delve into the challenges of responding to a society that rejects inequality and the pursuit of superiority. Men and women—especially Christians who believe in a church of diverse gifts—should embrace their own inferiorities and superiorities without guilt or shame, though envy and arrogance is to be avoided at all costs.  Takeaways Envy is the driving force behind the egalitarian impulse in society, and it can lead to a flattening of standards and a denial of excellence. Education should be focused on the interests of those who want to learn and can learn, rather than trying to equalize everyone. Parents play a crucial role in guiding their children's education and should recognize and nurture their individual gifts and capacities.

In this short essay, C. S. Lewis explores the concept of democratic education and its relationship to preserving democracy. Lewis argues against the abolition of compulsory subjects and emphasizes the need for a wide curriculum that provides opportunities for every student. He questions the desirability and feasibility of a nation educated democratically. Lewis also examines the two sources of the demand for equality—fair play (good) and envy (very bad)—and the dangers of attempting to propitiate evil passions. He advocates for an aristocratic and highbrow education that prioritizes the interests of intellectually curious students.

In this episode, Colton Moore and Devin Wilkins discuss the first book in C. S. Lewis’ Narnia Chronicles, The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe. They explore the themes of winter and Christmas in Narnia, the significance of Father Christmas in the story, and the use of mythological imagery to communicate the gospel. They also address concerns about the inclusion of pagan gods in children's stories. The conversation explores the relationship between myth and truth, particularly in the context of Christianity. It delves into the idea that myth can participate in truth and how the incarnation is seen as the culmination of Myth becoming fact (Devin) or the Fact becoming myth (Colton).  Key points: Myth can participate in truth and provide glimpses of God's attributes. From a Greek pagan perspective, the incarnation can be viewed as The Myth becoming fact. From a Christian perspective, the incarnation can be viewed as The Fact becoming myth since creation is God’s STORY.

In this episode, Devin and Colton discuss C.S. Lewis' essay "Meditation in a Toolshed" and its application to reading and teaching literature. They explore the difference between experiential knowledge (enjoyment) and analytical knowledge (contemplation), using Lewis’ metaphor of a toolshed and a beam of light. They emphasize the importance of both types of knowledge in the need to balance them in reading and teaching literature. The hosts also share their favorite Narnia Chronicles and how they enjoy and contemplate those stories. Takeaways There is a difference between experiential knowing (enjoyment) and analytical knowing (contemplation). Both types of knowledge are necessary in the study of literature. Enjoying and contemplating literature are both valuable approaches.

In this episode, Colton Moore and Devin Wilkins introduce Season 2 of the Christ in Classics podcast, which will focus on the works of C.S. Lewis. They discuss how Lewis has impacted them both and kick off season 2 with a delightful conversation they had with Dr. Michael Ward from the University of Oxford. Special thanks to GlossaHouse for partnering with the Christ & Classics Podcast! You can find their ancient language resources at https://glossahouse.com. _________ Arguably today's leading C.S. Lewis scholar, Michael Ward, English literary critic and theologian, works at the University of Oxford as a member of the Faculty of Theology and Religion. He also teaches in the MA program at Houston Christian University as Professor of Apologetics. He has published and edited several books and numerous essays, including: Planet Narnia: The Seven Heavens in the Imagination of C.S. Lewis (Oxford University Press): https://www.amazon.com/Planet-Narnia-Seven-Heavens-Imagination/dp/019973870X/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2CGQDIO2GOUKI&keywords=planet+narnia&qid=1705930064&sprefix=planet+narni%2Caps%2C117&sr=8-1 The Cambridge Companion to C.S. Lewis (Cambridge University Press, edited with Robert MacSwain):https://www.amazon.com/Cambridge-Companion-Lewis-Companions-Religion/dp/0521711142/ref=sr_1_1?crid=J4EBXJK6PDPH&keywords=cambridge+companion+to+lewis&qid=1705930100&sprefix=cambridge+companion+to+lewi%2Caps%2C103&sr=8-1 After Humanity: A Guide to C.S. Lewis's The Abolition of Man:https://www.amazon.com/After-Humanity-Commentary-Lewis-Abolition/dp/1943243778/ref=sr_1_1?crid=WTDEZXIEOAL&keywords=after+humanity&qid=1705930162&sprefix=after+humanit%2Caps%2C128&sr=8-1 You can find more about Michael Ward at https://michaelward.net/.

In this episode Colton discusses this final section Homer’s Iliad. He reconsiders the question he posed in Episode 2, “Is the purpose of Achilles’ rage to set up the reader for something beautiful in Book 24?” Achilles’ rage does not cease until Priam secretly comes to him by night to offer a ransom for the body of Hector. Why is this? How is it that Priam can still Achilles’ rage once and for all? Could vice serve virtue in any capacity—meaning, does sin ever play a specifically-designed role in bringing about something wonderful that otherwise would not have occurred without sin? Colton considers all these questions in this final episode.

What is the purpose of the shield Hephaestus forges for Achilles? Could the shield represent the inner-workings of the ideal Man? As such, could it be an ironic rebuke of Achilles’ rage seen thus far in the Iliad? Could it even be an image of the ideal City of cities—with an eye toward Troy? In this episode, Colton considers this question as he races through Books 18–20 of Homer’s Iliad.

As immortal supernatural beings, modern readers might expect the gods and goddesses to be completely self-sufficient and omnipotent. However, they seem to be no less needy than humans. So, what gain do the gods receive for involving themselves in the lives of the Achaeans and Trojans? Why does Hera nag Zeus for nearly ending the Trojan War without razing Troy? Why does Zeus himself desire the praise of the gods? Is Zeus a good husband to Hera? What even makes a good husband? How does he compare with Paris in the previous section, Book 3? Devin and Colton consider these questions in Episode 5, Iliad Book 4.

In what ways specifically does Patroclus' death catalyze the fulfillment of Zeus's multi-layered will? In this episode, Devin and Colton discuss Books 15–17 of Homer's Iliad. They explore the significance of Patroclus' death and its role in turning the tides of the war. They also delve into Zeus' grand scheme, Achilles' rage, and the nature of Patroclus and Achilles' friendship. The conversation touches on the connection between Zeus' sacrifice of his son Sarpedon and the central theme of sacrifice in the Christian narrative, as well as the paradox of freedom and predestination. Key points: Patroclus' death serves as a turning point in the war and motivates Achilles to avenge his friend. Zeus' grand scheme involves the destruction of Troy and the fulfillment of Thetis' prayer. The death of Patroclus solves Achilles' rage problem and redirects his focus on the war (more on this in Books 18–24). The sacrifice of Zeus' son, Sarpedon, and the nature of Patroclus and Achilles' friendship play significant roles in the narrative.

In this episode, Colton and Devin discuss books 12–14 of Homer's Iliad. They explore the relational tensions between the gods, particularly Zeus and Poseidon along with Zeus and Hera, and the uncertainties and limitations of Zeus as the supreme Olympian. They also draw parallels between the complexities of living in time as Christians and the perplexities of being in a world orchestrated by a sovereign God. The central theme of Achilles' fury is highlighted, along with the desire for reconciliation and the beauty of Christ's cross. Takeaways: The gods in the Iliad have relational tensions and uncertainties, which adds complexity to the story—especially for the mortal men. Zeus is not omniscient or omnipotent, and his limitations contribute to the narrative. Achilles' rage/hatred is a central theme in the poem, and Homer keeps him in view in spite of the emphasis on battle tactics.

In this episode, Devin and Colton talk with Dr. Mark Menaldo, Associate Professor and Head of the Department of Liberal Studies at Texas A&M University-Commerce in Commerce, TX. Dr. Menaldo is a recent convert to Christianity, and God used Great Books, particularly ancient and modern philosophical works, to draw his soul toward the beauty of the gospel of Jesus Christ. We asked him if he would tell us his story, and he said yes. Dr. Menaldo also is a published author. You can find his books on the history of philosophy and leadership on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/stores/Mark-Menaldo/author/B00GAA6MKQ?ref=ap_rdr&store_ref=ap_rdr&isDramIntegrated=true&shoppingPortalEnabled=true

Not all books are created equal. Some are written for information. Some are written for entertainment. Some ought not to have been written in the first place. Yet, there are many books that have commonly been deemed "great." Many of these are novels, myths, and fairy tales of sorts. Many are philosophical treatises. Some are a combination of both. In this episode Devin and Colton raise and attempt to answer the question "What is a Great Book?" We discuss three governing criteria, which harken back to Episode 1. A "Great Book" will 1. raise deep anthropological and moral questions; 2. arrest the attention with aesthetic beauty; 3. have had significant influence on later generations, which is an inevitable corollary of the first two criteria. They also discuss the differences between Bram Stoker's Dracula and Stephanie Meyer's Twilight series as well as the differences between ancient classics and modern classics, leaning heavily on C.S. Lewis for direction.

In this episode, Devin and Colton consider a larger section of Homer's Iliad: Books 9–11. The fate of Troy hinges upon books 9–11. Zeus has begun to accomplish his promise to Thetis and raze Troy to the ground, bringing his will to its end. But first somehow he will need to draw Achilles out of his ship. Yet, before Homer does this, he exalts three of Achaea’s finest heroes: Odysseus, Diomedes, and surprisingly Agamemnon himself—whom Homer has not heretofore given much spotlight on the battlefield. What are we to make of Agamemnon? In these three chapters he is all over the map. He ranges from seeking to lavishly restore his relationship with Achilles (Book 9), to wracked by anxiety (Book 10), and to apparently one of the most valiant heroes of the Achaeans (Book 11). And so, is Achilles’ version of Agamemnon—which seemed accurate before as a self-exalting, parasitic commander—actually mistaken? What are we, then, to make of Achilles? Is his wrath and bitterness simply immaturity? Or is there greater depth in his slighted honor?

Book 8 of Homer’s Iliad is a major turning point in the poem. Zeus forbids the rest of the gods to intervene in the war to grant the Trojans the upperhand in battle. Why? When we keep in mind the two promises Zeus has made—first, to raze Troy and second, to grant Thetis her prayer to glorify Achilles—Zeus’s actions in Book 8 make more sense. Inspired by almighty Zeus, the Trojans beat down the Greeks, which sets the stage for the them to call upon Achilles, who will eventually come out of his ship’s hull to burn Troy to the ground. This, ironically and unavoidably, will lead to Achilles' own swift death. Zeus’s will is complicated with many moving parts, and Devin and Colton explore it in this episode.

In this episode Colton sits down with Ben House, a former headmaster and humanities teacher, to consider the differences between classical education and the all-pervasive “progressive” alternative seen in most public and many private schools. We discuss how classical schools are incompatible with progressive schools—noting key differences—and why the former is the only alternative that encourages life-long learning. Ben is a published author. You can find his book on history and teaching, along with several essays and book reviews below! The Heavy Laden Bookshelf: • https://benhouseblog.wordpress.com/page/2/ Amazon: • Punic Wars & Culture Wars: Christian Essays on History and Teaching: https://www.amazon.com/Punic-Wars-Culture.../dp/0967831784 • A chapter contribution in The Devil's Diet: The Seven Deadly Sins Revisited: https://www.amazon.com/Devils.../dp/B0C51V997R/ref=sr_1_1... Reformation.org: • "Classical Christian Education: A Look at Some History": https://reformed.org/christian-family/classical-christian-education-a-look-at-some-history-by-ben-house/?fbclid=IwAR0xi4Qfk-2adAauvna8YLxFlHXxlmwZE_RAWSCqngqIMQDoT9KGx-33rYM

Hector and Paris are back in the battle, and immediately Apollo and Athena agree to temporarily halt the war by rousing Hector’s desire to show himself as mighty. Athena awakens in him this lust for glory, and Hector calls both armies to sit while he any Argive challenger willing to fight him duel to the bloody death. Ajax the Great is chosen by lot, and they fight. But why? Why does Homer have another pair of heroes fight in no-man’s land—especially when there is no indication the result of their duel will finally end the war? Could their violent mano-a-mano intentionally set the stage for their beautiful reconciliation and trading of arms? Could it be that Apollo and Athena halted the war by means of Hector and Ajax simply so that both armies could go unarmed and gather their dead together? Devin and Colton explore these questions in Episode 9: Iliad, Book 7!

Why can we arguably consider Hector, captain of the Trojans, to be a “Hero of Heroes” in Homer’s Iliad? How do his manly characteristics compare with that of Paris, or even the legendary Achilles? Why does glory and honor drive Hector back into the battlefield away from his precious wife and infant son? And how can this scene between Hector and Andromache simultaneously be both tragic and beautiful? Colton and special guest Ben House attempt to answer these questions on Episode 7: Iliad, Book 6. You can find Ben's writings in a few places! The Heavy Laden Bookshelf: https://benhouseblog.wordpress.com/page/2/ Amazon: Punic Wars & Culture Wars: Christian Essays on History and Teaching: https://www.amazon.com/Punic-Wars-Culture.../dp/0967831784 A chapter contribution in The Devil's Diet: The Seven Deadly Sins Revisited: https://www.amazon.com/Devils.../dp/B0C51V997R/ref=sr_1_1... Reformation.org: "Classical Christian Education: A Look at Some History": https://reformed.org/christian-family/classical-christian-education-a-look-at-some-history-by-ben-house/?fbclid=IwAR0xi4Qfk-2adAauvna8YLxFlHXxlmwZE_RAWSCqngqIMQDoT9KGx-33rYM

Dr. Louis Markos leads the discussion in Episode 8 of the Christ & Classics Podcast: the Classics, the Christ, and Classical Christian Education. In this episode Dr. Markos explains to us how Christ is the complete Truth to which all other truth in the pagan classics intimates and foreshadows. In addition, we discuss with Dr. Markos the vital role of classical schools in America and why they are superior to public, progressive models of education. ________ Dr. Louis Markos is a Professor of English, Scholar-in-Residence, and Robert H. Ray Chair in Humanities at Houston Christian University. He teaches courses on Romantic and Victorian Poetry and Prose, C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien, Mythology and the Epic, and Film and Art. He’s the author of 25 books (such as The Myth Made Fact: Reading Greek and Roman Mythology through Christian Eyes, From Achilles to Christ: Why Christians Should Read the Pagan Classics), as well as countless articles on sites like TGC, Reformation21, The Imaginative Conservative, and The Federalist. He’s a big advocate for classical Christian education, and speaks at conferences, such as the Association of Classical Christian School’s Repairing the Ruins conference. ________ You can find Dr. Markos' writings and lectures in a variety of places! HCU website: https://hc.edu/contact/louis-markos/?fbclid=IwAR1-AmmS2yR1Hop12k7Mfge9Ve_Uh_N8vMeBasbM5z7rop8KaKJIRPQ83Hs Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/stores/Louis-Markos/author/B001JSBEBG?ref=ap_rdr&store_ref=ap_rdr&isDramIntegrated=true&shoppingPortalEnabled=true Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=louis+markos The Gospel Coalition: https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/profile/louis-markos/ The Imaginative Conservative: https://theimaginativeconservative.org/author/louis-markos?fbclid=IwAR3U8SoMsNZfdSf1uPbWQo6ajhZRb4Wf9Dwfn41ZwEKNknDIr55obyJZRUg Christianity Today: https://www.christianitytoday.org/search?query=Louis%20markos&fbclid=IwAR3dQj5MmfspVqCv1eyuzdQ63C18_qAVjlpGeO1IPqQAiEQOkR3d2K9Mv9A

What is a god in Homer’s Iliad? What is immortality for the Greeks—simply never dying? How can both Aphrodite and Ares, being a god and goddess, become injured? Being divine, how do their injuries in battle compare with human injuries? When Athena lifts a “mist” from Diomedes’ eyes to distinguish between gods and men, what does he really see? When the gods fight for men, do they really have the best interest of the men in mind? Once again, Devin and Colton consider these questions (and more) in Episode 6: Iliad, Book 5.

In this episode of Christ & Classics, Devin and Colton ask why rage takes the center stage in the Iliad. Menelaus rages against Paris. Apollo rages against the Greeks. Agamemnon rages against Achilles. Achilles (especially) rages against Agamemnon. The gods are even angry with one another! What role does anger play within Homer’s epic, and what does it have to do with Zeus’s overarching will seen in the prologue?

In this episode of Christ & Classics, Devin and Colton explore Zeus’s reasoning and will to dupe Agamemnon in a dream, which then results in Agamemnon seeking to deceive his own troops. Why is this? How does this relate to Book 1 and the conflict between Achilles and Agamemnon?  Also, Devin and Colton take on the “Catalog of Ships” and question its literary purpose within Homer’s Iliad. Why would Homer spend such detail cataloging all the Greek vessels and the city-states they each represent? How does this relate to Zeus’s vow to Thetis to exalt Achilles over the Achaeans (mainly Agamemnon)? And might the literary function of the “Catalog of Ships” compare to the genealogies we read in the Old Testament?

How can a war book be considered a family book? Why is Aphrodite the only character who loves Paris? Why does Paris’ cowardice make for band husbandhood? Why does Helen, Paris’ illegitimate wife, repent of her harlotry here in Book 3, and what does she truly desire? And who really wins the duel between Menelaus and Paris after Aphrodite intervenes? Devin and Colton attempt to answer (or perhaps simply refine) these questions in Episode 4, Iliad Book 3.

In this debut episode Devin and Colton explain the contours of the Christ & Classics Podcast. Who are these two obscure and unknown individuals? Why this Podcast? What makes a book into a Great Book? What does it mean to read the Great Books in light of Christ? What will the Podcast accomplish as the weeks roll on? All these questions and more Devin and Colton will attempt to answer in here in Episode 1!