The Tolle Lege Podcast

This session moves from method to practice by applying the principles of reading Scripture to Psalm 1 and Psalm 2. These psalms function as a unified introduction to the Psalter and establish the framework for understanding the rest of the book.Big IdeaThe blessed life is found in a life that is both rooted in God’s Word and submitted to God’s King.Key Themes1. Psalm 1–2 as the Gateway to the Psalter These psalms are intentionally placed and function together They are linked by shared language and structure They frame the entire book by presenting two paths and one King2. The Blessed Life (‘Ashre) Not mere happiness, but deep, rooted flourishing Defined by delight in God’s instruction Illustrated through the image of the tree3. The Two Ways The way of the righteous vs the way of the wicked (Psalm 1:6) A life rooted vs a life that is weightless and passing No neutral ground between the two4. Meditation (Hagah) Not silent reflection, but active, vocal internalization A life shaped by rehearsing God’s Word Contrasted with the nations “plotting” in rebellion (Psalm 2:1)5. The King (Psalm 2) God’s anointed Son rules over the nations The call to submit, serve, and take refuge Blessing is ultimately found in Him (Psalm 2:12)6. The Balance of the Christian Life Private devotion (Psalm 1) Public submission to Christ’s rule (Psalm 2) A complete life holds both togetherKey Scriptures Psalm 1:1–6 Psalm 2:1–12 Psalm 3:1 (transition into lament)Discussion Questions Where do you see yourself in the movement of Psalm 1: walking, standing, or sitting? What voices are shaping your thinking on a daily basis? What does it look like for you to actively “meditate” on God’s Word this week? In what areas of your life do you struggle to submit to Christ as King? What does it mean for you personally to “take refuge in Him” (Psalm 2:12)?Application Identify areas where you are drifting rather than rooted Establish intentional rhythms of meditating on Scripture Submit areas of life that resist Christ’s authority Anchor your confidence not in performance, but in refuge in the KingClosing ThoughtPsalm 1 and Psalm 2 do not simply introduce the Psalms. They confront us. There are two ways to live, and only one place of refuge. The question is not whether we understand the text, but whether we are rooted in the Word and resting in the King. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

Twenty years after the loss of SGT Devora and SFC Clay, my former platoon and I reunited to honor our brothers and confront the reality that war does not end when the fighting stops. This is me reflecting on grief, memory, brotherhood, and the long shadow war casts over the living. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

How to Read Psalms and Proverbs: Language, Wisdom, and the Life Before GodGod communicates truth through specific literary forms. To interpret Scripture faithfully, we must read each text according to the way it was designed to speak.Key Themes Covered1. Why Genre MattersScripture must be read according to its literary formMisreading genre leads to misinterpreting meaningPoetry and wisdom literature require a different approach than narrative or doctrine2. The Nature of Hebrew Poetry (Psalms)Terseness: Compact, dense, theologically rich languageParallelism: Two lines working together with development, not repetitionImagery: Concrete pictures that engage both mind and emotion3. The Purpose of the PsalmsPsalms train the heart before GodThey give language for real human experienceThey model both worship and struggleTypes of Psalms DiscussedLamentsMost common type in the PsalterExpress grief, confusion, and longingMove from distress toward trustKey Questions Laments Answer:Who hears me?Why is this happening?What do I want God to do?Hymns of PraiseCelebrate God’s character and actionsTypically include:Call to praiseReasons for praiseExpression of trustThe Message of the PsalterStructured intentionally into five booksCentral theme: The Lord reignsMovement:Early focus on Davidic kingshipCrisis in Psalm 89Shift to God’s kingship in Book 4Teaches trust in God’s rule even in apparent disorderTransition to ProverbsPsalms vs. ProverbsPsalms shape how you prayProverbs shape how you liveKey Themes in Proverbs1. The Fear of the LordFoundation of wisdom (Proverbs 9:10)Not terror, but reverent awe rooted in relationshipHolds together God’s authority and His mercy2. Wisdom and MoneyIntegrity matters more than wealth (Proverbs 28:6)Money is a tool, not a masterPerspective determines use3. Wisdom and PurityFaithfulness protects against destruction (Proverbs 5–6)Avoiding temptation requires intentional disciplineSatisfaction within covenant guards the heart4. Wisdom and SpeechWords carry life and death (Proverbs 18:21)Restraint reflects wisdom (Proverbs 29:11, 20)Speech should build, not destroyKey TakeawayPsalms and Proverbs are not simply informational. They are formational. They shape the inner life and outward conduct of those who learn to read them rightly.Discussion QuestionsWhere have you seen yourself misread a psalm or proverb by expecting it to function like another genre?Why do you think God chose poetry and wisdom sayings to communicate truth?Which area of Proverbs feels most immediately relevant to your life right now: money, purity, or speech? Why?How does understanding God as King reshape the way you interpret difficult circumstances?Recommended ResourcesGordon D. Fee and Douglas Stuart, How to Read the Bible for All Its WorthAndrew E. Hill and John H. Walton, A Survey of the Old Testament This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

In this presentation, we examine the literary and theological structure of Genesis through the lens of the toledot formula, often translated “these are the generations of.” Building especially on the work of Jason DeRouchie and Jared August, the presentation argues that Genesis is not arranged as a loose anthology or a flat sequence of equal units. Rather, the toledot headings form a deliberate framework that guides the book’s movement from creation to the family of Israel.A central claim drawn from DeRouchie is that the toledot formulas function as forward-looking headings, not backward-looking colophons. That means they introduce what follows rather than summarize what came before. From there, DeRouchie’s grammatical observations help distinguish between five primary toledot headings and five dependent subheadings, revealing a fivefold macro-structure in Genesis: the heavens and the earth, Adam, Noah, Shem, and Jacob. This pattern shows the narrative narrowing from the cosmos as a whole to a single covenant family.Building on that structure, Jared August argues that Genesis advances through a repeated pattern of promise and realization. In one major section, a promissory word is given. In the next, that word begins to be realized. This means Genesis is not merely genealogical in arrangement. It is anticipatory in design. The structure itself teaches the reader to keep looking forward. Promise generates expectation, and expectation carries the narrative onward.The presentation also explores why some figures receive a toledot heading while others do not, how the dependent headings fit within the larger structure, and why the narrowing line of Genesis should be understood as theological concentration rather than literary convenience. The result is a reading of Genesis as a unified and forward-driving work that conditions the reader to anticipate the fuller realization of God’s purposes beyond the book itself.Key themes covered* The toledot formula as the structural backbone of Genesis* Why the headings function as forward-looking introductions* The difference between primary headings and dependent subheadings* The fivefold macro-structure of Genesis* Promise and realization as the engine of the book’s movement* The narrowing line from creation to Jacob* Genesis as a unified theological work that prepares for the rest of ScriptureWorks Cited:Jason S. DeRouchie, “The Blessing-Commission, the Promised Offspring, and the Toledot Structure of Genesis,” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 56, no. 2 (2013): 219–47. Jared M. August, “The Toledot Structure of Genesis: Hope of Promise,” Bibliotheca Sacra 174 (July–September 2017): 267–82. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

What really happened at Babel? Was Genesis 11 simply about human pride and a tower built in defiance of God, or is there more going on in the text than many readers first realize? In this episode, we take a deep look at the Tower of Babel as the climax of primeval history and as one of the great turning points in the biblical story.We explore how Genesis 11 functions as the final diagnosis of humanity’s repeated rebellion, moving from the order of creation, through the fall, violence, and judgment, into Babel as a concentrated picture of human self-making. Along the way, we examine the traditional interpretation of Babel as a monument to pride and autonomy, while also engaging the Ancient Near Eastern context that helps explain the tower as a ziggurat, a sacred structure tied to misguided attempts at securing divine presence on human terms.Drawing on scholars such as Claus Westermann, Walter Brueggemann, Terence Fretheim, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerhard von Rad, Victor Hamilton, John Walton, Bruce Waltke, Nahum Sarna, and Craig Keener, this episode shows how Babel is not just about confused languages. It is about identity, false unity, human ambition, judgment, mercy, and the grace of God that redirects history.Most importantly, we trace the canonical movement from Babel to Abraham and from Abraham to Pentecost. Genesis 11 says, “Let us make a name for ourselves.” Genesis 12 answers with God’s promise to Abram, “I will make your name great.” And in Acts 2, the fracture of Babel begins to be answered as the nations hear the mighty works of God in their own tongues.This is a study of Babel, Abraham, and Pentecost, and of the God who humbles human ambition so that divine grace may be seen clearly. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

Big IdeaIsaiah 6 shows that faithful ministry begins with an encounter with God’s holiness, moves through confession and cleansing, and results in commissioned speech that God Himself authorizes, even when the message hardens the resistant and preserves a remnant.Episode At A Glance:1) The Historical Moment: “In the year King Uzziah died”Why Uzziah’s death signals more than political transitionThe crisis of compromised leadership and looming threatThe theological contrast: the unstable human throne and the occupied heavenly throne2) Why Isaiah’s Call Appears in Chapter 6Isaiah 1–5 as covenant indictmentChapter 6 as the authority question answered: “By what right does Isaiah speak?”Liturgical movement: vision, confession, cleansing, commission3) The Throne Room Vision“Holy, holy, holy” and the weight of God’s otherness“The whole earth is full of his glory” as God’s manifest ruleShaking thresholds and smoke as theophany markers4) “Unclean Lips” and the Problem of Prophetic SpeechWhy Isaiah names lips, not handsThe prophet’s instrument and the prophet’s accountabilityHoliness does not flatter. It exposes.5) The Coal from the AltarPurification applied exactly where the need isGuilt removed, sin atoned forThe order matters: cleansing before commission6) “Opening the Mouth” in the ANE and ScriptureANE “opening of the mouth” as agency languageScripture’s reversal: idols have mouths but do not speakThe living God alone grants and governs meaningful speech7) Pan-Canonical Mouth-Opening TextsMission speech: Exodus 4:12; Jeremiah 1:9; Ezekiel 3:27; 33:22Praise speech: Psalm 51:15Restored speech: Luke 1:64Exposing false vision: Numbers 22:288) The Hardening CommissionHearing without understanding, seeing without perceivingThe Word as dividing line, never neutral“How long, O Lord?” and the realism of judgmentThe remnant hope: the holy seed and the stump9) The Realistic ImplicationWhen God opens your mouth, it no longer belongs to fear, image management, or performanceFaithfulness in hard rooms and thin resultsStaying clean at the altar while staying faithful in speechKey Scriptures Referenced (ESV)Isaiah 6:1–13Exodus 4:12Jeremiah 1:9Ezekiel 3:27; 33:22Psalm 51:15Luke 1:64Numbers 22:28Psalm 115:4–7 (idol polemic)Listener TakeawaysHoliness exposes before it commissions.True prophetic speech is not self-generated; it is cleansed and authorized by God.The Word can heal the receptive and harden the resistant.Faithfulness is not measured first by reception, but by obedience under the King.Closing Prayer Line“O Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will declare your praise.” (Psalm 51:15) This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

Main TextExodus 7:16; 8:1, 25, 28; 9:1; 10:8–11; 10:24–26Key refrain: “Let my people go, that they may serve me.”Big IdeaExodus frames liberation as the restoration of unhindered obedience to God.When worship is restricted, managed, or made conditional, the restricting power functions as a rival authority.OutlineWorship as the Contested GroundThe Exodus demand is worship, not merely relief.The conflict is about sovereignty and allegiance.ʿĀbad and the Clash of Allegiances“Serve” carries the tension of worship-service and labor-service.Israel will serve, but the question is whom.Pharaoh’s Theology of Managed WorshipWorship “within the land” (Exod 8:25)Worship, but “not very far away” (Exod 8:28)Worship, but without the children (Exod 10:8–11)Worship, but without the livestock (Exod 10:24–26)Moses refuses because worship is communal, embodied, and covenantal.The Plagues as Judgment on False SovereigntyGod dismantles the system that claims what belongs to Him.Judgment serves liberation so worship can be free.A Canonical PatternScripture repeatedly opposes powers that tolerate religion while demanding ultimate allegiance.Tolerated Belief vs. Constrained ObedienceA theological lens for examining modern societies.The warning to the church: do not confuse permission with freedom.Key Takeaway LinePharaoh permitted worship repeatedly. What he refused was surrender.Recommended ReadingBrevard S. Childs, The Book of Exodus: A Critical, Theological Commentary.Carol Meyers, Exodus.John Goldingay, Old Testament Theology. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

In this episode, I walk through why the gospel cannot be divided into two separate messages, one for the cross and one for the resurrection. Good Friday and Easter Sunday belong together as one redemptive act. The cross deals with sin and guilt, and the resurrection vindicates Christ, confirms the Father’s acceptance of his sacrifice, and opens the way to new creation life.I also explore why the atonement was necessary, what Christ accomplished on the cross, and why the resurrection is not an optional add on to the gospel. Along the way, I connect themes of substitution, propitiation, reconciliation, victory over the powers, and Christ’s priestly work in Hebrews. This episode is a call to move beyond merely thinking of salvation as forgiveness alone and to live in the power of the risen Christ.If you have ever treated the cross and resurrection like separate doctrines instead of one unified gospel, this episode will help you see why Scripture holds them together and why that changes how we live right now. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

The Shema is often used as a theological “shutdown verse,” either to deny the Trinity or to force later doctrinal categories into Deuteronomy. This episode argues that Deuteronomy 6:4 is not primarily a metaphysical statement about God’s inner being, but a covenant confession designed to produce exclusive worship and whole-life fidelity. By reading the Shema in its literary and historical setting, we see how it formed Israel’s identity, structured daily life, and guarded against idolatry. We then follow the Shema’s trajectory into the New Testament, where Jesus centers discipleship on loving God and neighbor, and Paul uses Shema-like confession to direct Christian life in an idol-saturated world. Along the way, we briefly address how later rabbinic reception can be misread back into biblical times, leading to anachronistic claims about a strictly “unipersonal” divine ontology.Key Texts Read or Referenced (ESV)Deuteronomy 6:4–14 (The Shema in context, love and loyalty, anti-idolatry)Mark 12:29–31 (Jesus centers discipleship on the Shema and neighbor-love)1 Corinthians 8:4–6 (Paul’s Shema-like confession in an idol context)Key Ideas CoveredWhy the Shema is often misused as a one-line metaphysical proof textThe Shema as covenant confession: exclusive allegiance, not abstract speculationHow the Shema functioned in Israel’s life: catechesis, household formation, embodied remembrance“God is one” as an allusive illocutionary prompt: confession that summons a lifeLater rabbinic reception: “oneness” as boundary marker and why reading it back into Moses is anachronisticJesus and the Shema: love of God necessarily expressed in love of neighborPaul and the Shema: confession that directs community practice and renounces idol-shaped livingModern application: identifying today’s functional idols and pursuing an undivided life.John Goldingay, An Introduction to the Old Testament (mono-Yahwism emphasis)Walton, Matthews, Chavalas, IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament (ANE “one/alone” as supremacy language)Jeannine K. Brown, Scripture as Communication (illocution and the force of biblical discourse)Mishnah Berakhot 2:2; b. Berakhot 14b (Shema as “yoke” language; reception history) This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

In this episode, I put the Christian Nationalist approach to Torah on the stand and treat it like a case before a grand jury. The question is simple but weighty. What is Torah, and what is Torah for?I argue that Torah cannot be treated as a plug and play civil constitution for modern nation states. Torah is covenant law given to a redeemed people, operating within holy space, and moving forward along a storyline that reaches its fulfillment in Christ and the new covenant. When Torah is lifted out of that covenant world and installed as a political template, the method commits a category error, severs penalties from their sanctuary context, and freezes the story before Christ.Along the way, I walk through a series of “Exhibits” from Scripture, respond to common objections in real time, and end with a clear indictment. The aim is not to attack people, but to expose a misuse of the Bible that confuses the church’s mission, shifts righteousness into political conformity, and trades Spirit-formed discipleship for coercive power. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

In This EpisodeWhy Leviticus is about life with God’s presence, not moral self-improvementThe covenant order: redemption → identity → obedienceHow Exodus 19 shapes the call to holinessHoliness as derivative from belonging to the Holy OneThe nuclear reactor analogy: Torah as protective instruction for nearnessHow Peter applies Leviticus to the ChurchPaul’s indicative → imperative pattern in Romans 6Why this changes the psychology of the Christian lifePursuing holiness from status, not for status This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

1. The Cultural Hook: “Making a Name”The modern obsession with legacy and brand-buildingBabel as the archetype of self-naming (Genesis 11)Vocation turned inward2. Knowledge Before the Fall: Communion Precedes CognitionAdam formed from the ground (ʾādām from ʾădāmâ)God breathing life into him — intimacy before intellectKnowledge in Hebrew thought as relational, not informationalTruth as presence, not abstraction3. The Three Vectors of Human IdentityVertical — relationship with GodHorizontal — relationship with one anotherDownward — relationship with the ground (vocation)Genesis 2:15ʿābad (serve/work)šāmar (guard/keep)Priestly language. Eden as temple. Adam as priest-king.4. The Silent Sermon of the RM Rootʿărummîm (Genesis 2:25)Naked and unashamedTransparency, innocence, no image managementʿārûm (Genesis 3:1)Crafty, cunningWisdom divorced from relationshipInformation without intimacyʿêrummîm (Genesis 3:7)Naked in shameExposure without safetyThe birth of self-protectionThe fall as relational epistemology rupture.5. ʿIṣṣābôn — The Misunderstood “Curse”Common translation: painBroader meaning: sorrowful toil, frustration, anxious laborAppears in both:Genesis 3:16 (woman — fruit of the womb)Genesis 3:17 (man — fruit of the ground)Not gendered punishment.Shared human frustration in imaging God.Examples:Parenting heartbreakInfertilityWork futilityThe gap between effort and resultThe theology of thorns.6. The Social FractureFrom poetry (Genesis 2:23)To blame (Genesis 3:12)“Ish” and “Isha”Unity collapses into power struggle.Genesis 3:16“He shall rule over you”Descriptive of the fracture, not prescriptive of design.Domination as symptom of relational rupture.7. The Metastasis of the FractureCain and Abel — worship becomes competitionLamech — poetry becomes violenceBabel — vocation becomes self-glorificationThe bent mirror spreads across generations.8. Preservation of the ImageGenesis 9Image not erased, only fractured.Human dignity remains grounded in imago Dei.9. Christ as the Second AdamPerfect relational knowledge (John’s Gospel)Crown of thorns — wearing the curse of vocationBurial in the ground — entering the ʾădāmâhResurrection in a garden — the Gardener returnsEphesians 5 — restoring unity through sacrificial loveChrist reverses the descent:Cunning → Shame → FrustrationBecomesDependence → Glory → Restoration10. New Creation: Eden ForwardRevelation 21–22Not a garden restored, but a city completed.Priesthood restoredWork purifiedNo more curseNo more ʿiṣṣābônThe frustration is gone.Vocation remains.11. Application: Where Are You Choosing Cunning Over Communion?Questions for reflection:Where are you trying to “make a name”?Where are you attempting to outsmart the thorns?Where are you projecting rather than reflecting?Where are you grasping instead of trusting?The call:Turn toward the source.Angle the mirror toward the Sun. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

In this podcast episode I present a theological argument that Christian nationalism represents a christological heresy rather than a mere political disagreement. I contend that this movement fundamentally distorts the nature of Jesus Christ's kingdom by attempting to exchange the sacrificial way of the cross for the coercive power of the state. By treating a specific nation as a uniquely chosen vessel for divine purposes, Christian Nationalism creates a rival gospel that prioritizes cultural dominance over cruciform discipleship. I want listeners in the church to recognize these beliefs as a doctrinal corruption that necessitates clear pastoral discipline and a return to a transnational identity. Ultimately, I am advocating for a faith defined by enemy love and biblical justice rather than nationalistic idolatry. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

Reading the Bible faithfully requires more than recognizing the words on the page. It requires learning the world those words were written in. In this episode, we introduce a “Text in Context” approach to Scripture, showing why even shared language can hide meaning when we read through modern assumptions.To illustrate, we step into Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and revisit one of the most quoted lines in English literature: “Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?” Most people hear it as a question of location, but in Shakespeare’s world wherefore means “why.” Juliet is not asking where Romeo is. She is wrestling with why the one she loves bears the very name that makes their love forbidden. When that single word is heard in its proper setting, the scene deepens, the tragedy sharpens, and Shakespeare’s point finally lands.That is the skill we are after. Context does not complicate meaning. It protects it. In the same way, biblical texts cannot be reduced to isolated phrases or modern instincts. We have to ask how words functioned in their time, what the original audience would have assumed, and how the surrounding passage guides the author’s intent. This episode lays the groundwork for reading Genesis, not as a modern scientific report, but as covenantal Scripture spoken into Israel’s world, for Israel’s formation, and for the Church’s instruction. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

Thanks for reading! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.This discussion explores my essay on the theological and practical dimensions of church unity as presented in the writings of the Apostle Paul. I argue that this harmony is a divine reality established by the Triune God rather than a human invention, necessitating active maintenance through humility, love, and adherence to truth. By analyzing specific passages from Ephesians, 1 Corinthians, Philippians, and Philemon, my essay illustrates how spiritual oneness bridges social, ethnic, and economic divides. The research I conducted emphasizes that diversity is essential to the collective body, using the metaphor of physical anatomy to show how distinct roles strengthen the whole. Ultimately, my work posits that the church's internal cohesion is a vital witness to the world, reflecting the relationship between Christ and the Father. This overview concludes that Pauline unity remains a foundational mandate for the health and mission of the modern religious community.I have also included a slide deck to help you visualize the argument I am making. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

This exegesis explores the historical background, literary framework, and theological significance of the ninth chapter of Proverbs. The author explains that the book of Proverbs is an anthology of wisdom developed over centuries, specifically utilizing antithetical parallelism to contrast the invitations of “Lady Wisdom” and “Lady Folly.” By examining the structure and poetic devices of the text, the essay highlights how these personifications force a binary choice between life and death. The analysis further connects these Old Testament themes to New Testament teachings, suggesting that Christ serves as the ultimate embodiment of divine wisdom. Ultimately, the source argues that modern readers must apply these ancient lessons by ensuring their daily moral choices are motivated by a proper reverence for God. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

This episode analyzes the chiastic literary structure of John 3:1-15 to demonstrate how this specific arrangement highlights the necessity of spiritual rebirth. By framing the dialogue between Jesus and Nicodemus through symmetrical themes, the text identifies the transformative power of the Holy Spirit as the central theological focus. This organized structure serves as a vital bridge to the famous commentary in John 3:16-21, moving the reader from individual confusion to a universal understanding of salvation. The argument is that the transition from metaphorical dialogue to direct theological exposition clarifies the contrast between earthly ignorance and heavenly truth. And also shows how this text is about water baptism. Ultimately, this episode illustrates how the lifting up of the Son of Man acts as the pivot point for John’s broader message regarding faith and eternal life. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

Listen in to hear how I articulate my view of Original Sin without the need for biological descent from Adam. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

Part 2 of my review of John Walton's book. We are discussing propositions 7 - 9 and fielding some FAQ's at the end. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

Part 1 of our review of John Walton's book. We will be discussing propositions 1 - 6. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

In this series we will be doing an in depth review of John Walton's book. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com

This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit tollelegeministries.substack.com