2.EP.7_QVE- L’Europa si allarga o resta incompiuta?

Venerdì 12 giugno l’Unione europea ha dato il via libera alla prima fase dei negoziati di adesione con Ucraina e Moldova, sbloccata dal cambio di governo in Ungheria dopo quasi due anni di veto di Budapest. Un passaggio fondamentale che accelera il processo di allargamento dell'UE rimasto in standby per oltre dieci anni, ma che presenta non poche insedie. L’ultimo allargamento risale al 2013, con l’ingresso della Croazia. Da allora i Balcani occidentali attendono ancora che venga rispettata la promessa europea formulata a Salonicco nel 2003. Montenegro e Albania sono i Paesi più avanzati, mentre Macedonia del Nord, Bosnia-Erzegovina e Kosovo restano frenati da dispute bilaterali, fragilità istituzionali e problemi di Stato di diritto.Su questa lunga attesa pesa oggi la competizione con Ucraina e Moldova, accelerate soprattutto perché la Russia fa paura e Bruxelles vuole ridurre le zone grigie ai propri confini. Il rischio è che i Balcani si sentano scavalcati dopo oltre vent’anni di riforme, sacrifici e promesse non mantenute. In questa puntata anlizziamo anche il ruolo della Serbia, candidata ma ancora distante dalla politica estera dell’UE, soprattutto sulle sanzioni contro Mosca e sul rapporto con il Kosovo. Percorso fermo anche per la Georgia, dove il governo si è allontanato dagli standard europei sullo Stato di diritto, sulla società civile e sui rapporti con la Russia.Per i Balcani occidentali il rischio è perdere fiducia nell’Unione e lasciare spazio a Russia, Cina e altri attori esterni. L’Europa è davvero pronta ad allargarsi senza diventare più fragile, lenta e incoerente con i propri valori?Fonti 1. **Consiglio dell’Unione europea – EU enlargement**   [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/topics/eu-enlargement/](https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/topics/eu-enlargement/)2. **Consiglio europeo – EU-Western Balkans summit, 5 June 2026**   [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/international-summit/2026/06/05/](https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/international-summit/2026/06/05/)3. **Consiglio europeo – Viaggio di António Costa nei Balcani occidentali e vertice di Tivat**   [https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2026/05/28/president-costa-travelling-to-the-western-balkans-to-meet-with-regional-leaders-and-co-chair-the-eu-wb-summit/](https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2026/05/28/president-costa-travelling-to-the-western-balkans-to-meet-with-regional-leaders-and-co-chair-the-eu-wb-summit/)4. **Commissione europea – 2025 Enlargement Package**   [https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/news/2025-enlargement-package-shows-progress-towards-eu-membership-key-enlargement-partners-2025-11-04_en](https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/news/2025-enlargement-package-shows-progress-towards-eu-membership-key-enlargement-partners-2025-11-04_en)5. **Commissione europea – Strategy and reports on enlargement**   [https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/enlargement-policy/strategy-and-reports_en](https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/enlargement-policy/strategy-and-reports_en)6. **Commissione europea – 2025 Communication on EU enlargement policy**   [https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/document/download/eb69a890-40d6-4696-801e-612d51709fdd_en?filename=2025+Communication+on+EU+Enlargement+Policy.pdf](https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/document/download/eb69a890-40d6-4696-801e-612d51709fdd_en?filename=2025+Communication+on+EU+Enlargement+Policy.pdf)7. **Commissione europea – Georgia Report 2025**   [https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/georgia-report-2025_en](https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/georgia-report-2025_en)**Fonti giornalistiche e analitiche**8. **Reuters – EU must be ready and able to expand, Merz says at summit with Balkan leaders**   [https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/eu-must-be-ready-able-expand-merz-says-summit-with-balkan-leaders-2026-06-05/](https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/eu-must-be-ready-able-expand-merz-says-summit-with-balkan-leaders-2026-06-05/)9. **The Guardian – EU must prove it is capable and willing to take in new members, leaders say**   [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jun/05/eu-new-members-bloc-leaders-summit-enlargement](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jun/05/eu-new-members-bloc-leaders-summit-enlargement)10. **The Guardian – EU summit with western Balkan leaders to reaffirm membership prospects**    [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jun/05/eu-summit-montenegro-western-balkan-countries-membership-enlargement](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jun/05/eu-summit-montenegro-western-balkan-countries-membership-enlargement)11. **European Western Balkans – Franco-German non-paper call for new approach to EU enlargement**    [https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2026/06/05/franco-german-non-paper-call-for-new-approach-to-eu-enlargement/](https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2026/06/05/franco-german-non-paper-call-for-new-approach-to-eu-enlargement/)12. **Reuters – Five EU countries float safeguards for future bloc members**    [https://www.reuters.com/world/five-eu-countries-float-safeguards-future-eu-members-2026-06-09/](https://www.reuters.com/world/five-eu-countries-float-safeguards-future-eu-members-2026-06-09/)13. **Associated Press – Montenegro is “within reach” of joining the EU by 2028, von der Leyen says after Balkans summit**    [https://apnews.com/article/ceb66b7192c3c0f6fda10933b5c20fc1](https://apnews.com/article/ceb66b7192c3c0f6fda10933b5c20fc1)14. **Al Jazeera – Germany’s Merz says EU to initiate integration of Western Balkans**    [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/6/5/germanys-merz-says-eu-to-initiate-integration-of-western-balkans](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/6/5/germanys-merz-says-eu-to-initiate-integration-of-western-balkans)15. **Die Welt – Merz und Macron starten Westbalkan-Initiative**    [https://www.welt.de/article6a22350e8d84dbd8a4ed5394](https://www.welt.de/article6a22350e8d84dbd8a4ed5394)16. **Die Welt – Merz: EU muss Willen zur Erweiterung zeigen**    [https://www.welt.de/article6a22aa7aa85ce647df47237b](https://www.welt.de/article6a22aa7aa85ce647df47237b)