*20.3 Makkos Daf 13 A (5 lines Up)*

*20.3 Makkos Daf 13 A (5 lines Up)*As we begin a new perek, we wish to remind our subscribers that several talmidim of the Rov zatzal have made themselves available to answer questions. If you have any difficulty please don’t hesitate to contact us by whatsapp or email.*Summary**Mishna* continued:How much tevel grain must one eat in order to be liable?*Rabbi Shimon: Any amount.**Chachomim: A _kezayis._**Rabbi Shimon to the Chachomim:* “Wouldn’t you agree that *one is liable for eating an ant, even though it’s very small?”**Chachomim: One ant is a _biryah_* [a complete creation].*Rabbi Shimon: Even one kernel is a _biryah* [if you put it into the ground you can reap a full harvest from that one kernel of grain - it is a complete creation]._*Gemara:**This mishna mentions that _kerisus_ -level prohibitions are liable for _malkos._* However _misah_ -level prohibitions are not mentioned as being liable. *This is in accordance with Rabbi Akiva’s opinion.**Beraisa:**Rabbi Yishmael: Both* _kerisus_ -level prohibitions and _misah_ -level prohibitions*are liable for _malkos._* _[The current understanding of this opinion is that before one is put to death by Beis Din, he receives malkos, however see 21.1]._*Rabbi Akiva: Only _kerisus_-level prohibitions are liable for _malkos._* Since _kerisus_ is administered by the heavenly court who can be appeased by _teshuva,_ there is a possibility that the crime won’t be punished at all, so we give _malkos_ . However in a regular _misah_ case, *since _teshuva_ will not help in an earthly court of law, one punishment, _misah,_ is enough.* _[Even if he ran away and became an old Rosh Yeshiva, his sin is not pardoned and he must be put to death when discovered]._*Rabbi Yitzchok: Even _kerisus_ -level prohibitions are not liable for _malkos._* _[One of the principles of determining Torah Law is דבר שהיה בכלל ויצא מן הכלל ללמד, לא ללמד על עצמו יצא אלא ללמד על הכלל כולו יצא “Anything that was included in a general rule, but was specified by the Torah, teaches something specific across the entire rule”]_ Forbidden relations with *a sister was part of the general rule* of all the close relatives with whom intimate relations are punishable by _kerisus._ *And yet the Torah specifies* that forbidden relations with a sister is a _kerisus_ liability; this teaches that it [and all others in the rule] is punishable *only by _kareis_ and not _malkos._* See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information. This podcast has been graciously sponsored by JewishPodcasts.fm. There is much overhead to maintain this service so please help us continue our goal of helping Jewish lecturers become podcasters and support us with a donation: https://thechesedfund.com/jewishpodcasts/donate