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27. 财政史加更 | 当代中国财税体制改革与地方化债问题 episode artwork

EPISODE · Jul 12, 2026 · 1H 9M

27. 财政史加更 | 当代中国财税体制改革与地方化债问题

from 滔滔不绝 Dialogue

本期节目是一期财政史的加更。在上期唐宋明清财政史的结尾,我们谈到了财政问题上的央地博弈一直延续到了当代,本期我们将沿着上期节目末尾发散的思路,探讨建国以来中国的几次财税体制改革历程,其背景、效果和意义,同时我们也将解释当代地方政府发债行为背后的动机,地方化债的思路和面临的实际困难。最后我们也会将中国当代的财税体系和欧美国家做一个横向对比,提供一个更为全面的视角去理解财税和债务问题。如果你是上期古代财政史节目的听众,本期节目将会是一个很好的知识体系的延伸,如果你没有听过上期节目,也完全可以将本期节目当作一期独立单集收听。 本期参与者:王师、Ben -时间轴- 00:01:30 在近代发明各类金融工具以前,政府可以利用的财政手段是不足的 00:04:12 中国财政体制发展的三个阶段:1978年-1993年,1994年-2010年代,2010年代至今 00:05:50 计划经济时代财政体系的四个特点:税制极度简化,资金来源依靠工农业剪刀差,统收统支与政企不分,宏观调控角色的缺失 00:09:02 改革开放对财政体制的影响:企业基金制度,利润留成制度,利改税和承包制,中央和地方财政的“分灶吃饭” 00:21:04 中央和地方的“分灶吃饭”带来了什么新的问题? 00:22:32 中国财政历史上最具传奇色彩的一次改革:分税制改革 00:24:43 改革谈判中对地方的让步:以广东省为例 00:28:45 分税制的历史意义 00:31:56 两次改革以后,经济加速增长期的流行概念:土地财政、城投平台、城投债 00:38:16 城投债的几个特征 00:41:35 新的危机:中国经济转型的必要 00:46:00 经济转型的影响:2010年代至今,负债率变成财政调控最核心的问题之一 00:49:30 应对债务问题的两大措施:债务置换和化债 00:52:18 隐性债务的定义和识别 00:56:40 化债政策:开前门、堵后门 00:58:36 化债的结果:隐性负债和土地财政得到初步控制 00:59:30 地方政府激励机制的重塑 01:01:50 进一步讨论债务规模应该控制在什么程度? 01:04:18 全球财政体系的三种模式:分权模式、集中模式和混合模式,并对比中美财税模式 -推荐阅读- 杨志勇,《中国财政体制改革与变迁(1978-2018)》 -制作- 音乐:Remember Me(Arr. Hough for Piano) by Stephen Hough 封面:1694年由国王威廉三世和女王玛丽二世签署颁布的英格兰银行皇家特许状。英格兰银行发出了世界上第一笔政府债券,它的成立也标志着现代中央银行的起源。 剪辑:王师&李师傅 后期:罗师 节目Logo:刀刀 在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

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27. 财政史加更 | 当代中国财税体制改革与地方化债问题

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Dragnet Entertainment Radio The Dragnet radio show was a groundbreaking and influential police procedural drama that ran on NBC from 1949 to 1957. Here are some key things to know about it:Main Features: Focus: The show followed the cases of Sergeant Joe Friday and his partners, primarily in the Los Angeles Police Department. It depicted the real-life work of detectives, including the tedious investigation process, interviews, stakeouts, and occasional danger. Realism: Jack Webb, the show's creator and star, aimed for authenticity. Episodes were often based on real cases, with details changed to protect the innocent. The dialogue was direct and unvarnished, mimicking the way police officers actually spoke. Famous Intro: The show's opening sequence is iconic: the announcer's voice declaring "This is the city... Los Angeles... California..." followed by the signature "dun-dun-DUN" theme music. Impact: Pioneering Police Procedural: Dragnet is considered a pioneer of Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar Entertainment Radio Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar was a classic American radio drama that aired on CBS Radio from February 18, 1949, to September 30, 1962. The show starred Bob Bailey as Johnny Dollar, a freelance insurance investigator with a knack for getting into trouble. Each episode followed Dollar as he investigated a new case, from insurance fraud to murder. The show was known for its fast-paced action, witty dialogue, and iconic sound effects. The show's signature element was Dollar's expense account, which he would read aloud at the end of each episode. This often humorous list of items, such as "50 cents for chewing gum - to keep my brain working under pressure," gave listeners a glimpse into Dollar's world and personality. Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar was a huge success, running for over 600 episodes and winning numerous awards. It was one of Seeds of Change Mark A Turnipseed Welcome to the Seeds of Change Podcast, where transformation begins with the smallest yet most powerful steps. Hosted by Mark A. Turnipseed—#1 Amazon best-selling author, male model, wellness coach, and co-founder of Halo42 Skincare—this podcast is a testament to the profound capacity for change within each of us.Just a few years ago, Mark found himself at rock bottom, battling heroin addiction, suicidal ideation, and severe health challenges like COPD and prediabetes. Weighing over 70 pounds more than he does today, he made one bold decision that changed everything: he began training for an Ironman triathlon. Through unwavering perseverance, faith, and a commitment to wellness, Mark not only completed the Ironman but also completely transformed his life.Now, as an entrepreneur, researcher, and wellness expert, Mark is passionate about sharing the insights and tools that catalyzed his recovery and success through brands and dialogue. In Seeds of Change, Mark dives deep into his journ 緣來好食德 RTHK.HK 人們每天在吃,但對於瓜果、豆類、蔬菜、五殼等食物,實在認識多少?食物的不同部分,如沒有吃掉的皮、外殼等,是否就要丟棄?我們會不會有眼不識泰山,不懂得怎樣吃,又或者不知道上天還賦予它們其他用途? 春天吃韮菜,有人說是上佳的補肝之物;生食和熟食蓮藕,對人體有截然不同的果效;蘿蔔化痰、黃瓜減肥……中國人一向都有藥食同源的觀念,只是今時今日懂得靈活運用的不多。 不少珍惜食物資源的朋友,想到把「多餘」的食物,自製更多美食或用品,譬如涼拌西瓜皮,是一道美味餐前小食;橙皮可以製成護髮水、清潔劑;廢油可以做肥皂;有些可食物加工造成紙張、染布……被人類遺棄的食物要告訴人類:我們還有用呢? 不同文化,累積了不同「食」的智慧:不時不食、慢食、禪食、五色飲食、生機飲食、能量飲食等都讓我們從食的經驗中,更了解生命。 YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT:多一些認識食物,我們就更有智慧去塑造自己,進而改變世界。李逆熵(李偉才)博士在「食德科學」環節中,更會為觀眾講解,為何人類面對食物,應體會科技的卑微,因而更要學會謙虛和珍惜。

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