#3 - Salvation Without Substitution: Socinian Models of Atonement

How did a small band of Reformation-era thinkers argue that humanity is saved without Christ's death standing in for our punishment? This episode traces the rise of Socinianism — from Lelio and Fausto Sozzini to the Raków academy — and reconstructs the historical background that produced an alternative to substitutionary atonement. We set the stage with people, places, controversies, and print-culture that shaped Socinian critiques of penal substitution and their own models of redemption.