#48 mRNA vaccins, te snel ontwikkeld of niet?

mRNA vaccins lijken heel snel ontwikkeld te zijn, toch heeft het best lang geduurd voordat de mRNA vaccins veilig gebruikt kunnen worden. De eerste fundamentele onderzoeken naar de werking van de mRNA vaccins zijn gestart in 1987 en pas in 2018 wist men eigenlijk hoe men optimaal een mRNA vaccin kon maken en gebruiken in mensen.  In deze apothekerspodcast leg ik uit hoe de mRNA vaccins zijn ontstaan.Literatuur1.  Wolff JA, Malone RW, Williams P, Chong W, Acsadi G, Jani A, et al. Direct Gene Transfer into Mouse Muscle in Vivo. Science. 1990;247(4949):1465–8.2.  Ulmer JB, Donnelly JJ, Parker SE, Rhodes GH, Felgner PL, Dwarki VJ, et al. Heterologous Protection Against Influenza by Injection of DNA Encoding a Viral Protein. Science. 1993;259(5102):1745–9.3.  Karikó K, Buckstein M, Ni H, Weissman D. Suppression of RNA Recognition by Toll-like Receptors: The Impact of Nucleoside Modification and the Evolutionary Origin of RNA. Immunity. 2005;23(2):165–75.4.  Karikó K, Muramatsu H, Welsh FA, Ludwig J, Kato H, Akira S, et al. Incorporation of Pseudouridine Into mRNA Yields Superior Nonimmunogenic Vector With Increased Translational Capacity and Biological Stability. Mol Ther. 2008;16(11):1833–40.5.  Anderson BR, Muramatsu H, Nallagatla SR, Bevilacqua PC, Sansing LH, Weissman D, et al. Incorporation of pseudouridine into mRNA enhances translation by diminishing PKR activation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38(17):5884–92.6.  Sahin U, Karikó K, Türeci Ö. mRNA-based therapeutics — developing a new class of drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2014;13(10):759–80.7.  Bahl K, Senn JJ, Yuzhakov O, Bulychev A, Brito LA, Hassett KJ, et al. Preclinical and Clinical Demonstration of Immunogenicity by mRNA Vaccines against H10N8 and H7N9 Influenza Viruses. Mol Ther. 2017;25(6):1316–27.8.  Pardi N, Hogan MJ, Naradikian MS, Parkhouse K, Cain DW, Jones L, et al. Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines induce potent T follicular helper and germinal center B cell responses. J Exp Medicine. 2018;215(6):1571–88.9.  Pardi N, Hogan MJ, Porter FW, Weissman D. mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2018;17(4):261–79.10.  Stuart LM. In Gratitude for mRNA Vaccines. New Engl J Med. 2021;385(15):1436–8.11.  Dolgin E. The tangled history of mRNA vaccines. Nature. 2021;597(7876):318–24.Voor meer informatie of DNAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQIwwJqF5D0Voor meer informatie over het Immuun systeemhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rp7T4IItbtM