BME 695L Lecture 11: Assessing Nanotoxicity at the Single Cell Level

See references below for related reading.11.1      Need for single cell measures of nanotoxicity11.1.1    There is more than one way for a cell to die...11.1.2    "Necrosis" vs. "Apoptosis"11.1.3    There are other forms of "toxicity"11.1.4    Some other challenges in measuring toxicity of nanomaterials11.2      Necrosis vs. Apoptosis mechanisms11.2.1    Necrosis is unplanned "cell injury"11.2.2    Apoptosis is planned "programmed cell death"11.2.3    Why it is important to distinguish between necrosis and apoptosis?11.3      Single-cell assays for necrosis and apoptosis11.3.1    Dye exclusion assays for necrosis11.3.2    TUNEL assays for late apoptosis11.3.3    Annexin V assays for early apoptosis11.3.4    COMET assays for DNA damage and repair11.3.5    Light scatter assays11.3.6    Dihydroethidium assays for oxidative stress11.4      Nanotoxicity in vivo – some additional challenges11.4.1    Single-cell nanotoxicity, plus biodistribution measuring challenges….11.4.2  Accumulations and agglomerations of nanoparticles can change toxicity locally totissues and organs11.4.3    Filtration issues of nanoparticles – size matters – toxicity to kidney, liver and lung11.4.4    Functional sensitivity of heart and brain to nanotoxicity largely unknown