BME 695L Lecture 9: Challenges of Proper Drug Dosing with Nanodelivery Systems

See references below for related reading.9.1      Overview of drug dosing problem9.1.1    Problems of scaling up doses from animal systems9.1.2    Basing dosing on size, area, weight of recipient9.1.3    Vast differences between adults in terms of genetics, metabolism9.1.4    Dosing in children – children are NOT smaller adults!9.1.5    Pharmacokinetics – drug distribution, metabolism, excretion, breakdown9.1.6    Conventional dosing assumes drug goes everywhere in the body9.1.7    Targeted therapies – a model for future nanomedical systems?9.2      From the animal dosing to human clinical trials9.2.1    Importance of picking an appropriate animal model system9.2.2    Does drug dosing really scale?9.2.3    The human guinea pig in clinical trials and beyond9.3      Traditional drug dosing methods9.3.1    Attempts to scale up on basis of area9.3.2    Attempts to scale up on weight/volume9.3.3    Attempts to use control engineering principles9.4      Genetic responses to drug dosing9.4.1    All humans are not genomically equivalent!9.4.2    Predicting on basis of family tree responses9.4.3    SNPs, chips, and beyond…predicting individual drug response9.4.4    After the $ ???? individual genome scan… more closely tailored individual therapies9.5      Dosing in the era of directed therapies – a future model for nanomedical systems?9.5.1    How directed therapies change the dosing equation9.5.2    Current generation directed antibody therapies dosing9.5.3    Some typical side effects of directed therapies9.5.4    Nanomedical systems are the next generation of directed therapies9.6      Most directed therapies are nonlinear processes!9.6.1    Meaning of nonlinear processes9.6.2    Some examples of how a few directed therapies work9.6.3    Side effects of “directed therapies” 9.7      Other ways of controlling dose locally9.7.1    Magnetic field release of drugs9.7.2    Light-triggered release of drugs