BME 695N Lecture 14: Challenges of proper drug dosing with nanodelivery systems

Outline:Overview of drug dosing problemProblems of scaling up doses from animal systemsBasing dosing on size, area, weight of recipientVast differences between adults in terms of genetics, metabolismDosing in children – children are NOT smaller adults!Pharmacokinetics – drug distribution, metabolism, excretion, breakdownConventional dosing assumes drug goes everywhere in the bodyTargeted therapies – a model for future nanomedical systems?From the animal dosing to human clinical trialsImportance of picking an appropriate animal model systemDoes drug dosing really scale?The human guinea pig in clinical trials and beyondSome drug dosing methodsAttempts to scale up on basis of areaAttempts to scale up on weight/volumeAttempts to use control engineering principlesGenetic responses to drug dosingAll humans are not genomically equivalent!Predicting on basis of family tree responsesSNPs, chips, and beyond…predicting individual drug responseAfter the $ 1000 individual genome scan… more closely tailored individual therapiesDosing in the era of directed therapies – a future model for nanomedical systems?How directed therapies change the dosing equationCurrent generation directed antibody therapies dosingSome typical side effects of directed therapiesNanomedical systems are the next generation of directed therapiesMost directed therapies are nonlinear processesCurrent and pending FDA approved directed therapiesSome examples of how a few directed therapies workComplement directed cytotoxicityADCC-mediated adaptive immunity switchAntibody-directed enzyme producing therapyOther ways of controlling dose locallyMagnetic field release of drugsLight-triggered release of drugs