Can Congress Hand EPA the Power to Pick Winners?

In this episode of Unwritten Law, NCLA President Mark Chenoweth and Senior Litigation Counsel John Vecchione are joined by NCLA General Counsel Zhonette Brown to discuss a petition for certiorari asking the U.S. Supreme Court to take up a major separation-of-powers case involving the Environmental Protection Agency.The case, Choice Refrigerants v. EPA, challenges how the agency implemented Congress’s AIM Act, which created a cap-and-trade system to phase down certain refrigerants. According to the petition, Congress provided virtually no guidance on how market allowances should be distributed—leaving EPA with sweeping discretion to decide which companies would keep their market share and which would lose it.Zhonette explains why this case presents a “clean vehicle” for the Supreme Court to revisit the nondelegation doctrine, which holds that Congress cannot hand over its legislative power to executive agencies without providing meaningful direction. The discussion explores the “intelligible principle” test, the D.C. Circuit’s reasoning, and why the Court may finally confront the limits of congressional delegation after nearly a century without striking down a statute on nondelegation grounds.The episode also highlights the real-world stakes for small businesses like Choice Refrigerants, founded by entrepreneur Ken Ponder, whose patented refrigerant products were affected by EPA’s allocation decisions.