Can Europe turn industrial policy into real competitive capability?

Industrial policy is back at the centre of Europe’s economic debate. But can the EU turn subsidies, trade agreements and competitiveness strategies into real industrial strength? In this episode of Future is Blue, host Carlos Carnicero Urabayen speaks with Fernando Martín Espejo, head of analytics at Global Trade Alert, and Miguel Ángel González Simón, economist at Funcas, about Europe’s struggle to move from reaction to strategy. They discuss why money alone does not build capability, how market fragmentation weakens Europe’s investment case, why trade openness still matters in an age of economic security, and what Europe should look at by 2030 to know whether it has truly become more competitive.