Culture Is Terrible at Choosing Right and Wrong

In this part 2 of our series on ethics, Jason Gudim and Nathan Olson explore three major philosophical systems: deontology, consequentialism (utilitarianism), and virtue ethics. They discuss the strengths and pitfalls of each, highlighting how secular frameworks often struggle with consistency when removed from a divine moral lawgiver. By applying these systems to real-world and biblical examples—such as the pro-life movement, the "trolley problem," and the actions of figures like King David and Dietrich Bonhoeffer—they emphasize the necessity of a theological foundation to navigate complex ethical dilemmas and maintain personal integrity in a fallen world.