Deep Dive S2E3: How Liberal Democracy Won

In the third episode of our Deep Dive series on liberal political ideology, we arrive in the 20th century: the most violent, destructive and ultimately transformative hundred years in the history of the West.The century opens with the collision of the old and the new. The great power politics of absolute monarchies met the ideological energy of the 19th century's mass movements, and the system had no framework capable of containing that clash. What followed were two world wars, the rise of fascism, the Holocaust, and approximately 75 million deaths. But running through that destruction was a process of elimination: one by one, the alternatives to liberal democracy were tested to breaking point and failed. Fascism was defeated militarily. Communism collapsed under the weight of its own contradictions. By the second half of the century, liberal democracy was the last serious idea standing, and it delivered on its promises in a way no previous system had: welfare states, compulsory education, civil rights, decolonisation, rising life expectancy, and the most sustained improvement in human wellbeing in recorded history.In our discussion, Balder and Dario trace how the United States, as the inheritor of the European liberal tradition without the burden of Europe's colonial guilt, became the vehicle for that post-war vision, and why the 1990s, the apparent decade of triumph following the Soviet collapse, were also the moment liberal democracy stopped asking the questions that had made it great. The strength of liberal democracy is its dynamic nature: its willingness to absorb competing ideas, self-correct and build. The moment it declared itself finished, it began to die. That is the story of the 21st century, and the subject of our final episode next week.This podcast is an individual project between us, Dario Hasenstab and Balder Hageraats. We are supported by our producer Stefani Obradovic from Western Bubble Insights & Strategy. If you would like to get in touch with us, write us an email at [email protected].