第2067期:Climate Agency: 2023 Broke Global Heat Record

Copernicus, the European climate agency, says 2023 broke records for global warmth. 欧洲气候机构哥白尼表示，2023 年全球变暖打破了记录。 The average temperature for the year was 1.48 degrees Celsius above the world’s pre-industrial temperature. 年平均气温比世界工业化前气温高1.48摄氏度。 World climate experts agree that an average increase up to 1.5 degrees or higher could lead to extreme climate disasters. They set the 1.5 degree Celsius mark at a 2015 climate conference in Paris. 世界气候专家一致认为，平均气温升高1.5度或更高可能会导致极端气候灾难。他们在 2015 年巴黎气候会议上设定了 1.5 摄氏度的目标。 However, January 2024 is measuring so warm that it is likely to average at or beyond the 1.5 mark for the month, says Samantha Burgess. She is Deputy Director of Copernicus. Scientists have repeatedly said an average of 1.5 degrees of warming over as much as thirty years would violate the limit. 然而，萨曼莎·伯吉斯 (Samantha Burgess) 表示，2024 年 1 月的气温非常温暖，该月的平均气温可能会达到或超过 1.5。她是哥白尼的副主任。科学家们一再表示，三十年内平均升温 1.5 度就违反了极限。 The 1.5 degree goal “has to be (kept) alive because lives are at risk and choices have to be made,” Burgess said. 伯吉斯说，1.5 度的目标“必须（保持）有效，因为生命处于危险之中，必须做出选择”。 The record heat made life difficult and sometimes deadly in Europe, North America and China, among other places. Climate scientists say heat is not the only problem related to temperature rise. They say severe weather events such as heavy rains that cause flooding, along with wildfires and extreme dry conditions are connected to the rising temperatures. 创纪录的高温使欧洲、北美和中国等地的生活变得困难，有时甚至致命。气候科学家表示，热量并不是与气温上升相关的唯一问题。他们表示，暴雨导致洪水、野火和极端干旱等恶劣天气事件与气温上升有关。For the first time, nations meeting on climate late in 2023 agreed that the world needs to move away from polluting fossil fuels.2023 年末召开的气候会议首次一致认为，世界需要摆脱污染性化石燃料。Copernicus said the average temperature in 2023 was one-sixth of a degree Celsius above the past record, set in 2016. The average temperature was 14.98 degrees Celsius. 哥白尼表示，2023年的平均气温比2016年创下的历史纪录高出六分之一摄氏度。平均气温为14.98摄氏度。 “It was record-breaking for seven months. We had the warmest June, July, August, September, October, November, December,” Burgess said. “It wasn’t just a season or a month that was exceptional. It was exceptional for over half the year.” “这打破了七个月的记录。我们经历了最温暖的六月、七月、八月、九月、十月、十一月、十二月，”伯吉斯说。“这不仅仅是一个赛季或一个月的特殊。这半年多的时间里都是异常的。” Malte Meinshausen is a climate scientist at the University of Melbourne in Australia. He says about 1.3 degrees Celsius of the warming comes from greenhouse gases, with another 0.1 degrees from usual weather conditions such as El Nino. Malte Meinshausen 是澳大利亚墨尔本大学的气候科学家。他表示，温室气体导致气温升高约 1.3 摄氏度，另外 0.1 摄氏度则来自厄尔尼诺等常见天气条件。Copernicus records only go back to 1940. Other organizations will announce climate reports for 2023 on Friday. The groups include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the U.S. and Great Britain’s Meteorological Office. 哥白尼的记录只能追溯到 1940 年。其他组织将于周五公布 2023 年气候报告。这些组织包括美国国家海洋和大气管理局和英国气象局。 While some national weather offices only have records going back to the 1940s, many scientists agree that this is the warmest period for the Earth in over 100,000 years. 虽然一些国家气象局的记录只能追溯到 20 世纪 40 年代，但许多科学家一致认为，这是地球 10 万多年来最温暖的时期。 Copernicus said there were two and nearly three days in 2023 where the world’s average temperature was at least 2 degrees above that of the pre-industrial period. In addition, for more than half the year, the world average temperature was 1.5 degrees warmer than in the mid-1800s. 哥白尼表示，2023年有两天和近三天世界平均气温比工业化前时期至少高出2度。此外，在半年多的时间里，世界平均气温比1800年代中期升高了1.5度。