第2069期:Spanish Tapestry Factory Creating Pieces after 300 Years

Spain’s Royal Tapestry Factory has been providing clothes, called carpets for the floor and tapestries for the wall, for palaces and public buildings for more than 300 years. 西班牙皇家挂毯工厂 300 多年来一直为宫殿和公共建筑提供服装，称为地板地毯和墙壁挂毯。Found on a quiet street in Spain’s capital Madrid, its artisans combine long-held knowledge of the work with new methods to create cloth-based products. 它位于西班牙首都马德里一条安静的街道上，工匠们将长期掌握的工作知识与新方法相结合，创造出以布料为基础的产品。 The factory was opened in 1721 by Spain’s King Felipe V. He brought in Catholic artisans from Flanders, an area found in today’s Belgium, to get it started. At the time, the area had been under Spanish control. 该工厂于 1721 年由西班牙国王费利佩五世 (Felipe V) 开设。他从佛兰德斯（位于今天的比利时境内）引进了天主教工匠来创办工厂。 当时，该地区已处于西班牙控制之下。 Cloth like wool can be found in all colors in the factory. And tools like bobbins and spinning wheels are everywhere in the factory. Some of the original wooden machines are still in use. 像羊毛这样的布料在工厂里可以找到各种颜色的。 工厂里到处都是线轴、纺车等工具。 一些原始的木制机器仍在使用。 Alejandro Klecker de Elizalde is the factory’s general director. “Here the only products we work with are silk, wool, jute, cotton, linen,” he said. “And these small leftovers that we create, the water from the dyes, or the small pieces of wool, everything is recycled, everything has a double, a second use.”Alejandro Klecker de Elizalde 是工厂的总经理。 “我们在这里合作的唯一产品是丝绸、羊毛、黄麻、棉花、亚麻，”他说。 “我们制造的这些小剩余物，染料中的水，或者小块羊毛，一切都被回收，一切都有双重用途。”The factory also brings old pieces that have been damaged through time back to good condition. And it keeps some of the most important cloth and material records in Europe. 工厂还将随着时间的推移而损坏的旧件恢复到良好状态。 它保留了欧洲一些最重要的布料和材料记录。 Now, 70 percent of its buyers are individuals from Latin America, Europe, and the Middle East. 现在，70% 的买家是来自拉丁美洲、欧洲和中东的个人。 The factory recently received one of its biggest orders, 32 tapestries for the Palace of Dresden in Germany. The order is worth more than 1 million dollars and it will provide work for up to five years, Klecker de Elizalde said. 该工厂最近收到了最大的订单之一，即为德国德累斯顿宫制作 32 幅挂毯。 Klecker de Elizalde 表示，该订单价值超过 100 万美元，并将提供长达五年的工作。 In 2018, the factory finished a tapestry for a Lebanese buyer based on the work Sabra and Shatila Massacre by Iraqi artist Dia al-Azzawi. The cloth shows the 1982-83 violence by Christian Phalangist militia in Palestinian refugee camps that were guarded by Israeli troops. 2018年，工厂为黎巴嫩买家根据伊拉克艺术家迪亚·阿扎维的作品《萨布拉和沙蒂拉大屠杀》完成了一幅挂毯。 布料展示了 1982-83 年基督教长枪党民兵在以色列军队守卫的巴勒斯坦难民营中的暴力行为。 Creating a tapestry is a difficult process that takes several weeks or months of work for each square meter. 制作挂毯是一个困难的过程，每平方米需要花费数周或数月的时间。 A tapestry begins with “cartoons,” or drawings on paper that are later copied onto a system of material called warps which are then woven over. 挂毯以“卡通”或纸上的图画开始，然后将其复制到称为经纱的材料系统上，然后将其编织起来。 One of the factory’s well-known cartoonists was master painter Francisco Goya, who began working there in 1780. Some of the tapestries he designed are now found in the nearby Prado Museum and Madrid’s Royal Collections Gallery. 画家大师弗朗西斯科·戈雅 (Francisco Goya) 是该工厂的一位著名漫画家，他于 1780 年开始在这里工作。他设计的一些挂毯现在陈列在附近的普拉多博物馆和马德里皇家收藏画廊中。