第2070期:WEF: Misinformation, Weather Top Worldwide Risks

A report from the World Economic Forum says misinformation and disinformation are the most severe risks facing the world over the next two years. 世界经济论坛的一份报告称，错误信息和虚假信息是未来两年世界面临的最严重风险。The group released its latest Global Risks Report Wednesday. 该组织周三发布了最新的全球风险报告。 The report said artificial intelligence (AI) can increase false or misleading information and is an immediate risk to the worldwide economy. The World Economic Forum (WEF) report warned that bad information threatens to weaken democracy and polarize groups of people. 报告称，人工智能（AI）可能会增加虚假或误导性信息，对全球经济构成直接风险。世界经济论坛（WEF）报告警告说，不良信息可能会削弱民主并使人群两极分化。 The report is based on a survey of nearly 1,500 experts, industry leaders, and politicians. It is being released before the yearly WEF meeting in the vacation town of Davos, Switzerland. 该报告基于对近 1,500 名专家、行业领袖和政治家的调查。该报告将于在瑞士度假胜地达沃斯举行的年度世界经济论坛会议之前发布。 The writers are concerned that the fast progress of AI technology like ChatGPT might mean that groups can be manipulated by people without any specialized skills. 作者担心，像 ChatGPT 这样的人工智能技术的快速进步可能意味着群体可能会被没有任何专业技能的人操纵。 AI will be discussed next week at the Davos meeting. Technology company leaders including OpenAI chief Sam Altman, Microsoft head Satya Nadella, and industry experts like Meta’s chief AI scientist, Yann LeCun, are expected to attend.下周的达沃斯会议将讨论人工智能。OpenAI 首席执行官 Sam Altman、微软首席执行官 Satya Nadella 等科技公司领导人以及 Meta 首席人工智能科学家 Yann LeCun 等行业专家预计将出席。 The report says misinformation and disinformation that is created using AI is becoming a risk just as billions of people in several countries are going to vote this year and next year. Those countries include the United States, Britain, Indonesia, India, Mexico, and Pakistan. 该报告称，随着一些国家的数十亿人将于今年和明年投票，使用人工智能创建的错误信息和虚假信息正在成为一种风险。这些国家包括美国、英国、印度尼西亚、印度、墨西哥和巴基斯坦。 Carolina Klint is a risk expert at Marsh, whose parent company Marsh McLennan co-wrote the report with Zurich Insurance Group. She said people can use AI to make deepfakes and to really affect large groups “…which really drives misinformation.” 卡罗莱纳·克林特 (Carolina Klint) 是达信 (Marsh) 的风险专家，其母公司达信·麦克伦南 (Marsh McLennan) 与苏黎世保险集团 (Zurich Insurance Group) 共同撰写了这份报告。她说，人们可以使用人工智能来制作深度伪造品并真正影响大群体，“……这确实会导致错误信息。” Deepfakes are videos that contain realistic images which are false and show people doing and saying things that never happened. Deepfakes 是包含真实图像的视频，这些图像是虚假的，显示人们在做和说从未发生过的事情。 “Societies could become further polarized” as people find it harder to tell what is true, she said. False information also could be used to fuel questions about whether governments are elected fairly. Klint said, that “… means that democratic processes could be eroded, and it would also drive societal polarization even further.” 她说，“社会可能会变得更加两极分化”，因为人们很难辨别真相。虚假信息还可能被用来引发人们对政府选举是否公平的质疑。克林特说，“……意味着民主进程可能会受到侵蚀，而且还会进一步推动社会两极分化。” The rise of AI brings other risks, she said. It could give power to harmful actors by making it easier to carry out online attacks. 她说，人工智能的兴起带来了其他风险。它可以让实施在线攻击变得更加容易，从而为有害行为者提供权力。 Klint said with AI, a person does not need to be intelligent to become a harmful actor. 克林特说，有了人工智能，一个人不需要聪明就能成为一个有害的演员。 It can even affect data that is taken from the internet to develop other AI systems. She said this is difficult to correct and could result in further bias in AI systems. 它甚至可以影响从互联网获取的用于开发其他人工智能系统的数据。她说这很难纠正，并可能导致人工智能系统进一步出现偏差。 The report said extreme weather is the second most worrying short term risk. 报告称，极端天气是第二大令人担忧的短期风险。The report also said that, over the next 10 years, extreme weather events were more important than misinformation and disinformation. Weather was followed by environmental risks that include changes to the Earth’s systems; loss of wildlife and collapse of natural systems; and shortages of natural resources. 报告还称，未来10年，极端天气事件比错误信息和虚假信息更重要。天气之后是环境风险，包括地球系统的变化；野生动物的丧失和自然系统的崩溃；和自然资源短缺。