第2209期:When exercise stops being good for you

150 minutes of exercise a week: that's how much we should all be doing. Does this mean that gyms are the best ways to guarantee our health? Maybe, but they are not without their own health risks. 每周锻炼 150 分钟：这是我们都应该做的量。 这是否意味着健身房是保证我们健康的最佳方式？ 也许吧，但它们并非没有健康风险。 Recent studies have suggested that some gym-goers' hygiene standards leave much to be desired. Bacteria that can cause serious illness, such as food poisoning or pneumonia, was found on the surface of gym equipment. Sweat and the increased temperature caused by exercise can help dangerous bacteria grow on the skin, which can be transferred to our clothing. 最近的研究表明，一些健身爱好者的卫生标准还有很多不足之处。 在健身器材的表面发现了可导致食物中毒或肺炎等严重疾病的细菌。 出汗和运动引起的体温升高会帮助危险细菌在皮肤上生长，这些细菌可能会转移到我们的衣服上。 It might not just be the microbes at a gym that could be toxic. Toxic gym culture may be leading people to feel judged or intimidated. In a 2019 US study, over half those surveyed felt anxious when going to the gym. 有毒的可能不仅仅是健身房里的微生物。 有毒的健身房文化可能会让人们感到受到评判或受到恐吓。 2019 年美国的一项研究显示，超过一半的受访者在去健身房时感到焦虑。 This feeling of being judged, and an overly competitive atmosphere, could create pressure to over-exercise. The Cleveland Clinic distinguishes between overreaching and over-training. The first is the result of a single instance of over-exertion, which leads to little more than muscle soreness, while the latter is more long-term and can have more serious consequences. Over-training has been linked to injuries, fatigue, reduced appetite and problems with sleep or weight gain. 这种被评判的感觉以及过度竞争的氛围可能会产生过度锻炼的压力。 克利夫兰诊所区分了过度伸手和过度训练。 第一种是单次过度劳累的结果，只会导致肌肉酸痛，而后者则是长期的，可能会产生更严重的后果。 过度训练与受伤、疲劳、食欲下降以及睡眠或体重增加问题有关。 When exercise becomes a compulsion, it can also be dangerous for our mental health. Writing for CNET, wellness writer Taylor Leamey warns that feeling guilt at missed gym sessions or trying to use exercise as a way to control our bodies could be signs that exercise dependency is a problem. This can be linked with having a negative body image. 当运动成为一种强迫行为时，它也会对我们的心理健康造成危险。 健康作家泰勒·利米 (Taylor Leamey) 为 CNET 撰文警告说，因错过健身课程而感到内疚或试图通过锻炼来控制身体可能表明锻炼依赖是一个问题。 这可能与负面的身体形象有关。 Of course, we shouldn't forget that exercise can really help our physical and mental health, as long as we can maintain a healthy relationship with it. 当然，我们不应该忘记，运动确实可以帮助我们的身心健康，只要我们能够与它保持健康的关系。词汇表health risk 健康风险，危及健康的因素gym-goer 常去健身房锻炼的人，健身房常客sweat 汗，汗水judged 被评头论足intimidated 发怵的，胆怯的anxious 焦虑的competitive 好竞争的over-exercise 过度运动overreaching （短时期内）训练过度over-training 训练过度muscle soreness 肌肉酸痛injury 受伤fatigue 疲劳weight gain 体重增加compulsion 强烈冲动exercise dependency 运动依赖negative body image 消极体象，消极地看待自己的身体