第2863期:The rise of machine 2

We're returning to the topic of automation. Now last podcast we talked about how jobs were affected more in the manufacturing area, wasn't it Richard? Yes, we were talking about the production line and machines doing repetitive jobs in factories, weren't we?我们回到自动化这个话题。上期播客我们讨论了自动化对制造业的影响，对吧，Richard？是的，我们当时谈的是生产线，以及机器在工厂里如何执行重复性工作，对吗？Yes, and now we want to have a little look at the future and how businesses and jobs are going to be affected. The big change, in the past, machines did jobs in the manufacturing sector.没错，而现在我们想看看未来商业和工作将如何受到影响。最大的变化是：过去机器主要替代的是制造业的工作。It looks now as if the future, it will be the service sector jobs that are going to be lost. Can you give an example? Well, driverless taxi cabs. They're going to have taxis with no drivers going around the cities and this is actually happening now.而现在看来，未来将失去的将是服务业的工作。你能举例吗？比如无人驾驶出租车。未来城市里会有没有司机的出租车四处行驶，而这件事现在已经在发生。For instance, in Australia, we've got huge mines and they have the robots doing all the drilling. They've got driverless trucks and driverless trains. So there's hardly anyone in the mine at all.例如在澳大利亚，他们的大型矿区已经用机器人进行所有钻探工作。他们有无人驾驶卡车和无人驾驶火车。因此矿区几乎看不到人。So in the near future, more regular driving jobs could be lost. Yes, but also more interestingly is that even today, 30% of time spent in the workplace in the United States is spent collecting and processing data. And so therefore, a lot of jobs in the insurance industry, the finance industry, they could be in jeopardy.所以在不久的将来，更多传统驾驶类工作可能会消失。是的，但更有趣的是，即使在今天，美国职场中有 30% 的时间都花在数据收集和处理上。因此，保险业、金融业的许多岗位都可能面临风险。OK, I can understand that because they receive lots of data. I mean, not unlike playing chess or something. And then they have to decide what's the best thing to do.好的，我能理解，因为他们处理大量数据。这有点像下棋，需要分析，再决定最佳行动。But robots can do that. Exactly. The computers can do the number crunching and come out with the answers.但机器人可以做到这一点。没错，电脑可以进行大量计算，并给出答案。Right. Yes, so that means that we have computers now in insurance industries calculating credit scores and even managing stock portfolios. So when we have the situation of blue-collar jobs disappearing, we've now got, you know, the future is almost that white-collar jobs are disappearing.是的，这意味着如今保险行业已经有电脑在计算信用评分，甚至管理股票投资组合。所以，过去是蓝领工作在消失，而未来几乎是白领工作也开始消失。It's often a lot of the highly-paid jobs are just as much at risk as the low-paid jobs. Can you give an example, though, Richard, of jobs that won't be affected by automation? Yes.很多高薪工作面临的风险并不比低薪工作小。那么你能举例说明哪些工作不会被自动化取代吗，Richard？可以。The things that machines can't do very well require a high degree of flexibility and physical adaptability and human interaction. And creativity. Exactly.那些机器不擅长的工作需要高度灵活性、身体适应性，以及人与人之间的互动。还有创造力。没错。So the jobs that shouldn't be at risk are in health care, dentists, doctors, surgeons.因此不会太受影响的工作包括医疗领域：牙医、医生、外科医生。Teachers. And also in the education industry, teachers, social workers, psychologists, those sorts of things.教师。还有教育行业中的教师、社会工作者、心理学家等等。Right. OK. Oh, good news for us then. Yes.好的。那么这对我们来说是个好消息。是的。Yes. So the nature of work is changing, isn't it? A lot of jobs are disappearing. So it's very important for people, therefore, possibly to be retrained.没错。工作的性质正在改变，不是吗？许多岗位正在消失。因此，人们可能需要重新培训，这非常重要。So what about you, the listener? Are you worried about losing your job because of automation? Are you thinking aboutretraining? Or perhaps even you're doing a job caused by automation. We'd love to hear from you.那么你呢，听众朋友？你会担心因为自动化而失去工作吗？你是否考虑过重新培训？或者你现在的工作就是因自动化而产生的？我们很想听听你的想法。