Dr. RR Baliga's Philosophical Discourses: Heraclitus (Greece, c. 535–475 BCE) – Pre-Socratic Philosopher

Heraclitus (c. 500 BC), a pre-Socratic philosopher from Ephesus, is renowned for his doctrine of perpetual change and the unity of opposites, encapsulated in the phrase "Everything flows" and "No man ever steps in the same river twice." His concept of logos as the rational order of the universe influenced ancient and modern philosophy, including thinkers like Plato, Aristotle, and Hegel. Known as "the dark" philosopher for his cryptic style and paradoxical ideas, Heraclitus viewed strife as fundamental to justice and saw fire as the primal element of existence. His legacy endures in the study of cosmology, metaphysics, and dialectics.