DRYEYE: Retinoids and Meibomian Glands: A Clinical and Cosmetic Guide

1) Oral Isotretinoin Alters Meibomian Gland Function & MorphologyZakrzewska et al. (2023) — Oral isotretinoin therapy led to increased dry eye symptoms and measurable changes in meibomian gland structure and function, including meibography-detectable loss and quality changes.🔗 Free full text: The Effect of Oral Isotretinoin Therapy on Meibomian Gland Characteristics in Acne Patients (Ophthalmology & Therapy)Shows changes in meibomian gland morphology and expressibility with treatment and partial reversibility after cessation.2) Systemic Isotretinoin Impairs Lipid Secretion from Meibomian GlandsZhang et al. (2022) — Oral isotretinoin reduces lipid production from meibomian glands, contributing to evaporative dry eye.🔗 Free full text: Isotretinoin Impairs the Secretory Function of Meibomian Glands (PMC)Systemic isotretinoin induces MGD through reduced lipid synthesis and gland dysfunction.3) Classic Evidence of MG Atrophy with AccutaneMathers et al. (1991) — Meibomian glands show atrophy and reduced function on meibography during Accutane use, with increased tear film osmolarity.🔗 PubMed entry: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1991/07000 … (Note: PubMed entry is shown via summary, full text may require access)4) Pilot Quantitative Meibography StudyGurlevik et al. (2022) — This prospective study measured TFBUT and gland changes before and during isotretinoin treatment.🔗 PubMed entry: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34978652/ … (summary)🧴 Cosmetics & Meibomian Glands5) Eyeliner & Mascara Affect Tear Film Stability + MeibographyErcan et al. (2022) — Eye makeup use (eyeliner, mascara, or both) was associated with significant changes in NBUT and meibography compared with non-users.🔗 Free article: Effect of Eyeliner and Mascara Use on Tear Film and Meibomian Glands (PMC)Does not show changes in aqueous tear production but does show tear instability and gland changes.6) TFOS/Lifestyle Report on Cosmetics & Ocular SurfaceSullivan et al. (2023) — Overview including that eyeliner may induce tear film instability and MGD.🔗 Free article: TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of Cosmetics on the Ocular Surface (PMC)Summarizes research linking eyelid cosmetics (especially eyeliner) to gland dysfunction and tear film instability.