EP.63 3M - 从起死回生的商业奇迹,到提升日常生活质量的企业集团 episode artwork

EPISODE · Dec 9, 2024 · 55 MIN

EP.63 3M - 从起死回生的商业奇迹,到提升日常生活质量的企业集团

from Slow Brand

我们的生活中常常有十分低调的企业和集团,他们的产品和业务涵盖了生活的方方面面,但名声不显,也没有鲜明深刻的形象。本期我们将以3M为例,这家不断创新解决日常需求和工业生产问题的企业已经从口罩、胶带、清洁剂等多个场景持久地影响着我们的生活,似乎直到口罩才进入到大众视野。但鲜有人知他们的起步是一家矿业公司,有着超过十年的惨淡开局。他们抓住了怎样的机会起死回生?成为一家拥有6万多件产品的跨国多元创新企业过程中,他们有何特别之处?这种集团企业需要构建自己的品牌吗?请听本期节目。 00:26 讲讲“企业集团”,意想不到的起源04:26 发源于明尼苏达的矿业公司07:10 波折的开局:从矿石到、砂轮再到砂纸、纱布15:59 世界上最好用的砂纸,3M做对了什么?24:26 3M杀手锏“元素周期表式的创新”28:35 克制的收购策略32:23 集团品牌的架构和构建43:01 3M的环境争议45:30 3M的创新氛围与文化48:43 便利贴的使用技巧50:34 3M对我们而言意味着什么?52:58 希望3M创新什么产品?|本期亮点|在明州发家的3M最早是一家矿业公司,五位创始人买下一片矿区希望借助开采出刚玉,为工业生产中使用的砂轮提供原料从而一飞冲天。但最终矿区中开采出的斜长岩无法满足砂轮需求,他们在经历了自己制造砂轮的失败后,开始尝试人工磨料工艺,通过制造砂纸打开了自己的市场需求。刚玉与斜长岩在这段艰难历史的背后有一位耐心的投资人:卢修斯·奥德威 (Lucius Ordway),他在3M不断亏损的情况下坚持投资多年,直到十年后才拿到第一笔分红,所以奥德威的资金也被称为“patient money”(耐心资本),并且“Patient”的这一理念延续到后续的技术和产品创新中,成为了3M 文化的一部分。3M公司的业务领域广泛,主要包括四个方向:安全和工业部门、运输和电子部门、医疗部门、消费者部门。3M先做好一类产品,再打入适用这类产品的不同细分市场。3M财报与收购以磨料为例,最早3M创新得研发出了人工磨料,并且开发了三美纱布,应用在了家具建筑行业,后来将防水砂纸应用到汽车行业,如今已开发了应用于航空、电子半导体的高效研磨材料。这些产品都是磨料的变种,但是进入的行业却是五花八门。打磨汽车的防水砂纸3M有独特的创新方法——“元素周期表式的创新”:3M将自己拥有的51个核心技术,放在一个大的技术平台中,每个产品或技术代表了一个“元素”,并归属于5个大类。3M的所有业务部门都可以自由使用这个核心技术平台中任意一项技术,由此衍生裂变出多种产品。例如无纺材料是3M的核心材料技术,净化过滤是3M一种成熟的应用,两者结合就诞生了新的产品净水器。元素周期表式的创新3M鼓励员工将15%的工作时间投入到自己的项目中,如果项目成功,员工可以分享公司30%的利润,内部称之为“15% culture of innovation”。现在家喻户晓的便利贴就是这样的一个企业氛围下发明出来的:3M员工亚瑟·弗莱(Arthur Fry)在这15%的时间里活用了3M公司化学家斯宾塞·西尔弗(Spencer Silver)的弱性粘合剂,为自己制作出一种既能粘贴又容易移除的书签工具,这款产品在1980年正式上市,迅速风靡全球,成为办公室、学校和家庭的必备用品。便利贴产品品牌架构(Brand Architecture)的概念是企业用来组织和管理旗下品牌的方式。当一个品牌有很多不同的产品、业务,甚至横跨多个行业领域的时候,梳理好品牌架构就很重要。品牌架构的核心在于明确品牌间的关系,特别是子品牌和母品牌的关系,以及品牌如何共同影响消费者的认知。两种常见的品牌架构模式是 Branded House(统一品牌)和 House of Brands。在统一品牌的模式下,企业使用一个核心品牌来覆盖所有产品和服务,所有子品牌都与母品牌高度关联。例如GE(通用电气):旗下业务包括医疗、航空和能源等,所有领域都用 GE 这一品牌进行强背书。更多集团采用混合式的House of Brands,使得子品牌能够拥有独立的市场定位,规避一定程度的风险;抑或是因为品牌是收购而来,自然就会采用弱背书。不同品牌架构3M大部分产品都是以 3M 作为品牌的主导,特别是他们一些在专业领域或者是生产领域,但是旗下也有很多更加贴近消费者的品牌,比如说胶带纸、便利贴都拥有自己的品牌名。Music by Jake Soffer - From Sea to Sky|延伸阅读| The Innovation Mindset in Action: 3M CorporationA Century of Innovation-The 3M Story在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

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EP.63 3M - 从起死回生的商业奇迹,到提升日常生活质量的企业集团

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