Ep28 孟子对「兼爱」的批判 episode artwork

EPISODE · Jan 12, 2026 · 1H 26M

Ep28 孟子对「兼爱」的批判

from 道可道 This is The Way

本期我们将继续深入探讨墨家「兼爱」思想,并考察孟子对此提出的两项最具影响力的反驳:一项是直指人伦根本的「无父」之辩(《孟子·滕文公下》3B9),另一项则是剖析人性与教条之源的「二本」之辩(《孟子·公孙丑上》3A5)。在此过程中,我们将探讨一些重要问题: 道德之爱,在家人与陌生人之间,真能做到一视同仁吗? 彻底的无差别之爱,是否会使人丧失为人根本? 而伦理的基石,究竟是理性的教条,还是人类的本性?时间轴0:00 Part I – Introduction 引入11:23 Part II -- 孟子对「兼爱」的批判 Mencius's critcisms of impartial caring18:50 「无父」之辩 The "without a father"argument (Mencius 3B9)37:25  「二本」之辩 The "two sources" (or"two roots") objection (Mencius 3A5)1:03:55 基于教条伦理的支持者的反驳:自然情感极不可靠 A rejoinder from proponents doctrine-based ethics: natural emotions are very unreliable1:06:12 伦理学对「全心全意」的标准 The wholeheartedness criterion for ethics重点讨论段落《孟子·滕文公下》3B9(「无父」)。。。杨朱、墨翟之言盈天下。天下之言,不归杨,则归墨。杨氏为我,是无君也;墨氏兼爱,是无父也。无父无君,是禽兽也。(Mengzi 3B9, Van Norden’s translation)《孟子·公孙丑上》3A5(「二本」或「二源」)「。。。吾闻夷子墨者。墨之治丧也,以薄为其道也。夷子思以易天下,岂以为非是而不贵也?然而夷子葬其亲厚,则是以所贱事亲也。」徐子以告夷子。夷子曰:「儒者之道,古之人『若保赤子』,此言何谓也?之则以为爱无差等,施由亲始。」徐子以告孟子。孟子曰:「夫夷子,信以为人之亲其兄之子为若亲其邻之赤子乎?彼有取尔也。赤子匍匐将入井,非赤子之罪也。且天之生物也,使之一本,而夷子二本故也。」(Mengzi 3A5, English version from Van Norden’s translation)目前节目持续更新中,每周一与你见面,欢迎订阅收听!如果你有任何想法或建议,欢迎在评论区留言,或前往 Warp, Weft, and Way 网站参与讨论。其他参考资料Episode 27:Mohism—Two arguments for impartial caring Mencius (Mengzi 孟子, 4th century BCE)Peter Singer, “Famine, Affluence, and Morality”utilitarianism (a typeof consequentialism) 功利主义 (一种结果主义)1983-1985年埃塞俄比亚饥荒Famines in Ethiopia, 1983-1985超义务行为 Supererogatory acts (指超越职责要求、并非严格强制的善行)Chris Fraser, The Philosophy of the Mòzǐ, see especially chapter 6 on jian’ai (“inclusivecare”)Yangists (school of thought traditionally traced to Yang Zhu 杨朱 in the Warring States period)孟子「无父」主张的两种解释: 生活方式/行为解释 (The lifestyle/behavior interpretation) 态度解释 (The  attitude interpretation)“success concept”《孟子·公孙丑上》 2A6 (另一段指出保持人性至关重要的篇章)Dai Zhen 戴震 (1724-1777)「代理辩论」 “Proxy debate” (Justin’sphrase)夷之, 一位与孟子就修正版「兼爱」进行辩论的墨家哲学家 性(人性) (human     nature),可能是夷之的「二本」之一 言 (教义、学说)(doctrine)(教义、学说),可能是夷之的「二本」之二对结果主义的「苛求性反驳」 The demandingness objection to consequentialism《尚书》(或称《书经》)(the Book of Documents)David Nivison, “Two Roots or One?“Joshua Greene, “The Secret Jokeof Kant’s Soul“Elizabeth Anscombe, “Mr. Truman’s Degree“伦理学的「全心全意」标准 a “wholeheartedness criterion” for ethics (seeTiwald, “Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism” or Angle and Tiwald, Neo-Confucianism, chapter 4)Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130-1200), 及其对「二本」批判的解读Wang Yangming 王阳明 (1472-1529)《孟子·告子上》6A1 杞柳之喻Michael Stocker, “The Schizophrenia of Modern Ethical Theories”特别鸣谢 The Hong Kong Ethics Lab 的支持和赞助,以及 Warp, Weft and Way 网站对讨论环节的支持。主持人:Richard Kim's websiteJustin Tiwald's website音频剪辑 & 中文 show notes: Lena在小宇宙查看该单集文稿

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Ep28 孟子对「兼爱」的批判

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