教皇和总书记能不能犯错?——奥卡姆的神学剃刀 episode artwork

EPISODE · Jul 18, 2026 · 15 MIN

教皇和总书记能不能犯错?——奥卡姆的神学剃刀

from 22 George Street · host 22 George Street

1942年,苏联卫国战争最吃紧的时候,俄罗斯东正教代理牧首给斯大林发去贺电,称他为"上帝选定的领袖"。一个宣布消灭宗教的政权,最高领导人被授予了最正统的政治神学称号。这一切能发生,靠的是一套一千年前就焊死的逻辑——教皇不可能犯错,总书记的意志高于一切具体的人。这一期我们回到七百年前,一个被教皇逐出教会、终身流亡的方济各会修士,奥卡姆的威廉,看他怎么用一把哲学剃刀,拆穿这套逻辑背后那个从没人真正问过的假设。从中世纪的共相之争,到猫性到底存不存在,到教皇的权威从哪里来,再到东正教的凯撒教皇主义怎么在斯大林手里借尸还魂,最后我们用佛教因明陈那的自相共相理论,和西方经验主义一路走到休谟的因果怀疑论,做一次跨越一千年、跨越两个文明的硬核比较。一句话,当有人告诉你,这是党的意志,这是历史的必然,你可以先问一句,这背后是不是又凭空臆造了一个不必要的实体。

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教皇和总书记能不能犯错?——奥卡姆的神学剃刀

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