Mengapa Kebijakan Bagus dapat Gagal di Lapangan?

The provided text introduces The Science of Evaluation by Ray Pawson, a seminal work that advocates for a realist approach to social research and policy assessment. Pawson argues that traditional evaluation methods often fail because they ignore the complex systems and human reasoning that drive social programs. Instead, he proposes a framework centered on Context-Mechanism-Outcome (CMO) configurations to explain not just if a program works, but why it works for specific people in certain settings. The book challenges the "gold standard" of randomized controlled trials by emphasizing that social interventions are non-linear, adaptive, and subject to the volatile choices of participants. Through the VICTORE checklist, Pawson maps the intricate layers of implementation, timing, and institutional rivalry that define modern policy environments. Ultimately, the text positions evaluation as an evolutionary science that seeks to refine theories and accumulate partial truths in an increasingly messy world.