MSK-30 · Sports Cardiac Issues, Special Populations, and Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm

Sports Cardiac Issues, Special Populations, and Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. Audio corrections: (1) In the audio: The Special Olympics mandates lateral cervical spine x-rays in both flexion and extension — Correct: Special Olympics no longer requires cervical radiographs. Since its General Rules were amended in 2015, unchanged in the 2025 revision, screening is a symptom check at the preparticipation physical; only a symptomatic athlete needs a neurological evaluation plus signed informed consent, and may then still compete. The withdrawn film requirement traces to the 1984 pediatric statement. (2) In the audio: present radiographically in ten to thirty percent — Correct: About 14.6 percent, with a published range of 6.8 to 27 percent depending on technique. Roughly 13 percent are radiographically abnormal but asymptomatic and about 1.5 percent are symptomatic. (3) In the audio: Hypothyroidism affects fifteen to twenty percent of this population. — Correct: Stratify it: congenital hypothyroidism in about 1 in 141 newborns, subclinical hypothyroidism in 25 to 60 percent of children, and overt clinical hypothyroidism near 15 percent, accumulating with age. (4) In the audio: It must be inhaled 15 to 20 minutes before exercise begins. — Correct: 15 to 30 minutes before exercise. The teaching point is unchanged: dosing at the starting line is too late. The written chapter is correct. Full correction register: https://www.reflexpmr.com/errata. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-30.