Reflex — PM&R Board Review

Shoulder Anatomy, Instability, and Impingement. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-01.

Rotator Cuff, Adhesive Capsulitis, and Biceps. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. Audio correction: In the audio: a ~20% loss of peak supination strength with long-head biceps rupture — Correct: No specific percentage of supination-strength loss is established for a long-head rupture — disregard the 20% figure. The written chapter is correct. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-02.

Shoulder Fractures, Winging, and Nerve Entrapment. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-03.

Elbow Anatomy, Epicondylitis, and Throwing Injuries. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-04.

Elbow Nerve Entrapments and Adult Fractures. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-05-a.

Wrist, Carpal Bones, Carpal Tunnel, and DeQuervain. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-06.

Hand: Flexor Pulleys, Trigger Finger, Dupuytren, and the Fingertip Deformity Quartet. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. Audio correction: In the audio: the ring finger accounts for about 75% of all jersey finger injuries — Correct: The ring finger is the digit most often involved in jersey finger, but the written chapter gives no percentage — disregard the 75% figure. The written chapter is correct. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-07-a.

Hand: Thumb UCL Injury, Intrinsic Muscles, and Deformity by Nerve Injury. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-07-b.

Hip Anatomy, Muscles, and Special Tests. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-08.

Hip Fractures, Arthroplasty, and Pediatric Hip. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-09.

Knee Anatomy, ACL, PCL, and Ligaments. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-10.

Knee Meniscus, Patellofemoral, and Overuse. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-11.

Ankle Anatomy, Lateral Sprains, Achilles Pathology, and Compartment Syndrome. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-12.

Foot: Stress Fractures, Plantar Fasciitis, Morton, Lisfranc, and Deformities. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-13.

Spine: Anatomy, Disc Herniation, and Radiculopathy. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-14.

Spine: Stenosis, Spondylolisthesis, and Facet-Mediated Pain. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-15.

Spine: Red Flags, Cauda Equina, Scoliosis, and Ankylosing Spondylitis. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-16.

Sports Medicine: Concussion, Return-to-Play Protocol, and Stingers. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-17.

Sports Medicine: Exercise Physiology, Cardiac Equations, and Muscle Physiology. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-18.

Sports Medicine: Environmental Illness, Rhabdomyolysis, and Special Populations. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-19.

Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, and Crystal Arthropathies. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-20.

SLE, Inflammatory Myopathies, and Scleroderma. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-21.

Spondyloarthropathies and Fibromyalgia. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-22.

Osteoporosis Part 1: Diagnosis, DEXA, Risk Factors. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-23.

Osteoporosis Part 2: Treatment and Fracture Management. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-24.

MSK Ultrasound and Joint Injection. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. Audio correction: In the audio: the timeline to memorize is three to seven days for initial onset, two to four weeks for peak effect, and three to four months for total duration — Correct: The peak is at ~3 WEEKS, not two to four weeks. Botulinum toxin for focal spasticity follows the rule of threes: onset ~3 days (24-72 hours), PEAK EFFECT ~3 WEEKS, duration ~3 months (3-4 months), with re-injection no sooner than every 3 months (12 weeks). Note MSK-25-b states the correct timeline on air (about three days / three weeks / about three months); Part A is the stale half of the pair. The written chapter is correct. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-25-a.

Nerve Injury Classification and EDX Correlation. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. Audio correction: In the audio: Wallerian degeneration was described in 1858 — Correct: Augustus Waller described Wallerian degeneration in 1850. The written chapter is correct. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-26.

Salter-Harris Fractures and Pediatric MSK. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-27-a.

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Myofascial Pain. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-28.

Groin Injuries, Athletic Pubalgia, and Leg Length Discrepancy. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-29.

Sports Cardiac Issues, Special Populations, and Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm. Part of the Musculoskeletal series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/MSK-30.

Gait Analysis and Biomechanics. Part of the Prosthetics & Orthotics series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/PO-01.

Amputation Levels and Epidemiology. Part of the Prosthetics & Orthotics series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. Audio correction: In the audio: malignancy... accounting for approximately 5 to 10% of all amputations — Correct: Malignancy causes ~2% of all amputations in large U.S. population data (the ~5-10% figure reflects major-amputation-only denominators, referral/sarcoma centers, or older data; the pediatric share is higher). It remains a minority etiology behind dysvascular and traumatic causes. The written chapter is correct. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/PO-02.

Neuromuscular Junction Physiology. Topics: Postsynaptic Receptor, Safety Factor, NMJ Disorders, and Neuromuscular Pharmacology (Part 2 of 2). Part of the Foundational Sciences series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/BASIC-10-b.

Surgical Principles and Post-Amputation Rehabilitation. Part of the Prosthetics & Orthotics series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. Audio correction: In the audio: an approximately 20% control symptomatic-neuroma rate — Correct: RPNI prophylaxis is ~0% symptomatic neuroma; treat the comparison rate cautiously and defer to the written chapter. The written chapter is correct. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/PO-03-a.

Transtibial Prosthetics. Part of the Prosthetics & Orthotics series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/PO-04.

Transfemoral Prosthetics. Part of the Prosthetics & Orthotics series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/PO-05.

Upper Limb Prosthetics. Part of the Prosthetics & Orthotics series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. Audio correction: In the audio: a 40-pound briefcase — Correct: The 40-pound weight is illustrative only, not a source figure. The written chapter is correct. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/PO-06-a.

CNS Recovery and Neuroplasticity. Topics: Hebbian Learning, Cortical Reorganization, and Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (Part 2 of 2). Part of the Foundational Sciences series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/BASIC-08-b.

Lower Extremity Orthoses. Part of the Prosthetics & Orthotics series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/PO-07.

Spinal Orthoses. Part of the Prosthetics & Orthotics series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/PO-08.

Peripheral Nerve Recovery. Topics: Regeneration, Surgical Reconstruction, and Rehabilitation (Part 2 of 2). Part of the Foundational Sciences series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/BASIC-07-b.

Upper Limb Orthoses. Part of the Prosthetics & Orthotics series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/PO-09-a.

Advanced Prosthetic Technology. Part of the Prosthetics & Orthotics series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/PO-10.

Pharmacology Cross-Cutting. Topics: Opioids, Anticoagulants, Neuropsychiatry, Injections, Bone Health, and Spasticity (Part 2 of 2). Part of the Foundational Sciences series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/BASIC-06-b.

Materials and Fabrication. Part of the Prosthetics & Orthotics series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/PO-11.

Pediatric Prosthetics and Orthotics. Part of the Prosthetics & Orthotics series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. Audio correction: In the audio: the femur is the one exception — the femur does not develop clinically significant terminal bony overgrowth, so a transfemoral diaphyseal amputation is acceptable — Correct: The femur is not an exception. Terminal bony overgrowth affects, in decreasing order of frequency, the humerus, fibula, tibia, and femur. Disarticulation remains preferred over transosseous amputation in the growing skeleton at every level, femur included. The written chapter is correct. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/PO-12-a.

Biostatistics and Research Design. Topics: Bias, Errors, NNT, Reliability, and Bioethics (Part 2 of 2). Part of the Foundational Sciences series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/BASIC-05-b.

Special Populations in Prosthetics and Orthotics. Part of the Prosthetics & Orthotics series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/PO-13.

Outcomes and Energy Expenditure. Part of the Prosthetics & Orthotics series of the Reflex PM&R Board Review podcast. The full companion chapter and a linked board-style Q-bank set for this topic are at https://www.reflexpmr.com/read/PO-14.