On the History of the Word Religion: Etymology  episode artwork

EPISODE · Jan 18, 2026 · 2 MIN

On the History of the Word Religion: Etymology

from Orientalistics: Podcast on Language, Religion and Culture · host Farshid Delshad

On the History of the Word Religion: Etymology The modern concept of “religion” is a recent construct and does not correspond to earlier Iranian and Semitic meanings. In Avestan, daēnā- (𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀) denotes inner vision, conscience, and moral insight, not an institutional faith. Old Persian concepts related to truth and order (arta), while Middle Persian dēn signified ethical law and correct understanding. In Aramaic, dīn (דין) meant law and judgement, a juridical notion. Only later did Arabic dīn (دين) acquire a broader confessional sense. By contrast, Latin religio referred to ritual obligation, not belief—showing that “religion” as understood today is largely a modern reinterpretation.مفهوم امروزی «دین» در اصل ساخته‌ای مدرن است و با معانی کهن ایرانی و سامی هم‌خوانی کامل ندارد. در اوستایی، daēnā- (𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀) به معنای بینش درونی، وجدان و آگاهی اخلاقی است، نه یک نظام اعتقادی نهادی. در پارسی باستان، مفاهیم دینی با «راستی و نظم» (arta) پیوند داشتند و در پهلوی، dēn بیشتر به قانون اخلاقی و فهم درست اشاره می‌کرد. در آرامی، دین (דין) به معنای داوری و قانون بود. این شواهد نشان می‌دهد که «دین» در معنای مدرن، بازخوانی‌ای متأخر است، نه مفهومی کهن.

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