Social Policy #10: Mengapa Kondisi Psikososial bukan Sekedar Gangguan pada Otak?

The provided sources examine the historical and sociological shift toward the medicalisation of human behavior, focusing specifically on the rise of psychiatry and modern responses to developmental and behavioral issues. Andrew T. Scull’s research outlines how nineteenth-century medical professionals acted as "moral entrepreneurs," successfully claiming a monopoly over insanity by redefining it as a somatic illness rather than a social or religious problem. Building on this historical foundation, Allan and Harwood investigate contemporary efforts in Scotland to interrupt the automatic diagnosis of ADHD through "medicus interruptus." These modern professionals utilize linguistic, visual, and affective strategies to challenge the "striated spaces" of clinical labeling, particularly for children in poverty. Together, the texts illustrate a tension between the authority of medical frameworks and the necessity of understanding the social, economic, and emotional contexts of behavior. This overview highlights how the definition of deviance remains a contested territory shaped by professional power and institutional structures.