Substance Abuse and the Brain: Gaining a Better Understanding.

Reference: Koob GF. Neurobiology of Opioid Addiction: Opponent Process, Hyperkatifeia, and Negative Reinforcement. Biol Psychiatry. 2020 Jan 1;87(1):44-53. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.023. Epub 2019 Jun 12. PMID: 31400808. Follow me on social media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/doctoref.rain/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/efrain.riverosperez Disclosure: The content of this podcast is purely academic in nature and is intended for educational and informational purposes only. The material discussed does not represent or reflect the views, opinions, or policies of the Medical College of Georgia, and the information presented should not be construed as medical advice or guidance. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any medical concerns or questions. I'd like to explicitly state that I have no endorsement from, affiliations with, or financial interests in any pharmaceutical companies or medical device manufacturers. Any mention of medications, devices, or treatments is made solely within the context of literature and academic discussion.