The Berlin Conference: King Leopold's Ghost

In this episode, Lucas and Luna continue their exploration of the Berlin Conference's aftermath, focusing on the Congo Free State under King Leopold II. They discuss the brutal rubber regime, the Force Publique's atrocities, and the international outcry led by figures like E.D. Morel and Roger Casement. The episode covers the system of quotas, hostage-taking, and mutilation that characterized Leopold's rule, as well as the Congo Reform Association's campaign that eventually forced Leopold to cede the Congo to Belgium. Listeners will learn about the 'red rubber' system, the role of the 'chicotte' whip, and the legacy of this dark chapter in African history. #BerlinConference #CongoFreeState #KingLeopoldII #RubberTerror #ForcePublique #EDMorel #RogerCasement #CongoReformAssociation #Chicotte #RedRubber #BelgianCongo #Atrocities #19thCentury #Colonialism #Africa #History #FexingoHistory #Imperialism #ScrambleForAfrica #KingLeopold Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo