哲学美文:无限游戏的起点,从亲情哲学开始 episode artwork

EPISODE · Aug 12, 2026 · 17 MIN

哲学美文:无限游戏的起点,从亲情哲学开始

from 早餐英语|实用英文口语

哲学美文:无限游戏的起点,从亲情哲学开始之前我们分享了安乐哲再《成人之道》这本书中关于“有限游戏”的精彩论述。今天我们来分享他关于“无限游戏”的论述部分。这段论述十分经典。也很好契合了安乐哲提出的“亲情哲学”。很多人非常疑惑,“亲情”如何和“哲学”搭上边呢?新儒家代表林安梧在最近一期关于《儒家的终极关怀》的播客节目中,详细介绍了儒家是如何帮助我们普通人安顿身心的。在节目中,他说道:儒家的终极关怀并不是要让我们追求外在的、人格化的、彼岸的世界,儒家是要我们去体会宇宙人生当中的生生之德。《易经》云:天地之大德曰生。《易经》也同样提到:寂然不动,感而遂通。但要如何感通宇宙的生生之德呢?这种抽象的“生生”是如何在我们日常的家庭和人伦中生根呢?答案就是:孝悌。儒家之所以强调孝悌,就在于:孝悌是一个人感通宇宙生生之意的实践起点。是一种根源性,决定一个人感通他人,感通世界,感通自我,决定一个人与他人,世界,自我相处方式源代码级别的根源性实践。而这一观点,也恰好和安乐哲在这段文字中对于“无限游戏”的理解不谋而合。接下来我们就来分享这段精彩的文字。人物介绍James P. Carse(詹姆斯·P·卡斯)詹姆斯·卡斯(James P. Carse,1932-2020)是美国纽约大学宗教历史系教授、当代宗教史学家和哲学家。他以《有限与无限的游戏:一个哲学家眼中的竞技世界》(Finite and Infinite Games)一书闻名于世,该书被译为多国语言,影响跨越哲学、管理学、教育学等多个领域。Roger T. Ames(安乐哲)安乐哲(Roger T. Ames,1947- )是世界著名中西比较哲学家、汉学家,出生于加拿大多伦多。他曾任夏威夷大学哲学系教授,现任北京大学人文讲席教授、孔子研究院特聘专家、国际儒学联合会副会长。安乐哲是儒家哲学在当代英语世界最重要的翻译者和阐释者之一。他翻译了《论语》《大学》《中庸》《道德经》《孝经》《淮南子》《孙子兵法》等多部中国经典,蜚声海内外。他倡导“一多不分”的学术方法,强调中国哲学“焦点-场域”式的关系性思维。他的核心贡献是提出“儒家角色伦理学”(Confucian Role Ethics),主张将人理解为“生成中的人”(human becomings)——人是关系性、过程性的存在,在家庭与社会角色中不断“成人”“成仁”,而非西方个人主义范式下的孤立的“存在者”(human being)。林安梧(1957年-),台湾省台中县人,台湾师范大学国文系毕业,台湾大学哲学研究所硕士、博士,师从牟宗三。曾任美国傅尔布莱德访问学者、威斯康辛大学麦迪逊校区历史系访问学人。现任台湾慈济大学宗教与文化研究所教授兼所长、上海同济大学人文学院教授及博士生导师,兼任同济大学中国思想与文化研究院院长,山东大学易学与中国古代哲学研究中心特聘教授 。2024年当选国际儒学联合会副理事长 。曾任台湾清华大学教授暨通识教育中心主任、南华大学哲学研究所创所所长,并担任《鹅湖》杂志主编。学术专长为中国哲学、哲学史方法论及宗教哲学,提出"存有三态论",从牟宗三"两层存有论"发展为存有的根源、开显与执定三重结构。著有《熊十力体用哲学之研究》《儒学革命论》《道的错置》等20余部专著,发表论文120余篇。在武汉大学、山东大学等高校主讲阳明心学、易经哲学等课程,强调中国哲学"存在与价值的和合性"优先于西方哲学"思维与存在的一致性"。structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/n. 结构,构造desired /dɪˈzaɪəd/adj. 预期的,想要得到的outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/n. 结果,结局Infinite games have a different structure and a different desired outcome.无限游戏则有着不同的结构和不同的预期结果。语法拆解主干:Infinite games have a different structure and a different desired outcome并列宾语:a different structure and a different desired outcome 作 have 的宾语过去分词作定语:desired 修饰 outcome,表被动含义 “被期待的”beginning /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/n. 开端,起源ending /ˈendɪŋ/n. 结尾,结局There are no beginnings or endings in infinite games.无限游戏中没有开始,也没有结束。语法拆解主干:There are no beginnings or endingsThere be 存在句型:there be + 真正主语(名词)否定并列:否定句中并列成分用 or,no beginnings or endings = no beginnings and no endings地点状语:in infinite games 介词短语作地点状语focus /ˈfəʊkəs/n. 焦点,重点collaborative /kəˈlæbərətɪv/adj. 合作的,协作的entity /ˈentəti/n. 实体competition /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/n. 竞争,竞赛actor /ˈæktə(r)/n. 参与者,行动者And the focus is on strengthening collaborative relationships within entities to succeed together rather than engaging in a competition among single actors who then play to win.其焦点在于加强实体内部的合作关系以共同成功,而不是在单个参与者之间进行那种旨在获胜的竞争。语法拆解主干:the focus is on strengthening collaborative relationships rather than engaging in a competition固定搭配:the focus is on doing A rather than doing B 重点在于做 A 而非做 B;on 是介词,后接动名词介词短语后置定语:within entities 修饰 relationships;among single actors 修饰 competition不定式目的状语:to succeed together 表加强关系的目的定语从句:who then play to win 先行词 single actors,who 在从句作主语不定式目的状语:to win 修饰从句谓语 play,表目的固定短语:engage in 参与,从事further /ˈfɜːðə(r)/adv. 此外,再者alter /ˈɔːltə(r)/v. 更改,修改serve /sɜːv/v. 满足,达到(目的)Further, infinite games are played according to rules that can be altered by players as required to serve the purpose of continuing to play the game.此外,无限游戏的规则可以被玩家根据需要改变,以达到让游戏继续进行下去的目的。语法拆解主干:infinite games are played一般现在时被动语态:are played方式状语:according to rules 介词短语作方式状语定语从句:that can be altered by players 先行词 rules;can be altered 情态动词被动语态状语从句省略:as required = as (it is) required 状语从句省略主语与 be 动词不定式目的状语:to serve the purpose 表目的介词 + 动名词:of continuing to play the game,介词 of 后接动名词 continuing固定搭配:serve the purpose of doing sth 达到做某事的目的indeed /ɪnˈdiːd/adv. 事实上,诚然discernable /dɪˈsɜːnəbl/adj. 可识别的,可分辨的shared /ʃeəd/adj. 共享的,共同的flourishing /ˈflʌrɪʃɪŋ/n. 繁荣,蓬勃发展Indeed, with no beginnings and no discernable ends, the goal is quite simply a shared flourishing.事实上,没有开始,也没有可辨别的结束,其目标非常简单,就是共同的繁荣。语法拆解主干:the goal is quite simply a shared flourishing评注性状语:Indeed 副词修饰全句with 伴随状语:with no beginnings and no discernable ends with + 名词短语作伴随状语,交代背景状态副词作状语:quite simply 修饰整个主句过去分词作定语:shared 修饰抽象名词 flourishingrelationship /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/n. 关系,联系commit /kəˈmɪt/v. 投入,致力于effectively /ɪˈfektɪvli/adv. 有效地manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/v. 处理,应对increasingly /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/adv. 日益,越来越complex /ˈkɒmpleks/adj. 复杂的The relationship among family members might be a good example of the infinite games we play, where a mother is committed to strengthening the relationship she has with her son, and son with mother, so that together they can effectively manage increasingly complex problems.家庭成员之间的关系或许是我们所玩的无限游戏的一个好例子,一位母亲致力于加强她与儿子之间的关系,儿子也致力于加强与母亲的关系,这样他们就能一起有效地处理日益复杂的问题。语法拆解主干:The relationship might be a good example后置定语:among family members 介词短语修饰 the relationship;of the infinite games 介词短语修饰 example省略 that 限制性定语从句:we play 修饰 the infinite games,that 在从句作宾语故可省略非限制性定语从句:where… 先行词 example,where=in this example,表抽象情形固定搭配:be committed to doing sth 致力于做某事,to 为介词,后接动名词 strengthening省略 that 限制性定语从句:she has with her son 修饰 the relationship书面省略结构:and son with mother,完整还原 and (the son is committed to strengthening the relationship) with motherso‑that 目的状语从句:so that together they can effectively manage… 引导目的,意为 “以便”副词修饰形容词:increasingly complex;副词 effectively 修饰动词 manageinterdependence /ˌɪntədɪˈpendəns/n. 相互依存coordinate /kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪt/v. 协调,调配effort /ˈefət/n. 努力In the case of infinite games, the interdependence of relationships means that mother and son either coordinate their efforts and continue to succeed together, or they fail together.就无限游戏而言,关系的相互依存意味着,母亲和儿子要么协调努力,继续共同成功,要么一起失败。语法拆解主干:the interdependence of relationships means that …介词短语状语:In the case of infinite games 就…… 的情况而言介词短语后置定语:of relationships 修饰 interdependencethat 引导宾语从句:that 后面全部内容作 means 的宾语并列连词结构:either…or… 要么…… 要么……,连接两个并列分句并列谓语:coordinate their efforts and continue to succeed together,and 连接从句内两套谓语proposition /ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃn/n. 事态,命题,局面Infinite games begin from strengthening relations and are thus always a win‑win or lose‑lose proposition.无限游戏始于强化关系,因此总是一个双赢或双输的命题。语法拆解主干:Infinite games begin from strengthening relations and are always a win‑win or lose‑lose proposition共用主语的并列谓语:谓语 1 begin from strengthening relations;谓语 2 are … proposition介词 + 动名词:from strengthening relations,from 是介词,后接动名词 strengthening副词作结果状语:thus 副词表因果,不能独立连接句子,依靠并列连词 and 连接两套谓语复合形容词定语:win‑win /lose‑lose 修饰名词 proposition更多卡卡老师分享公众号:卡卡课堂 卡卡老师微信:kakayingyu002送你一份卡卡老师学习大礼包,帮助你在英文学习路上少走弯路

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哲学美文:无限游戏的起点,从亲情哲学开始

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